1. Name the 5 subclasses of reptiles and describe the main characteristic used to distinguish them.

• Note: This is no longer current classification and was not covered this semester.

2. Name the extra-embryonic membranes of the amniotic egg. What is the function of each in the reptile egg?

3. Name three similarities and three differences between birds and reptiles.

4. Name the five orders of Jurassic mammals. How are they distinguished from one another? Which is ancestral to the majority of Cenozoic mammals?

• Note: This is no longer current classification and was not covered this semester.

5. List three trends in the evolution of tetrapod dentition.

6. Name the subclasses and infraclasses of living mammals. What features are used to distinguish between these groups?

7. Distinguish between the chorioallantoic and the choriovitelline placenta.

• Note: This is no longer current terminology and was not covered this semester.

1. Compare the structure and function of reptilian scales and bird feathers. What evidence suggests that feathers evolved from reptilian scales?

2. Discuss three features of bird feathers that are important to flight.

3. Outline the changes that have taken place in the aortic arches in sharks, lungfish, frogs, reptiles, birds and mammals.

4. Compare the structure of the pelvic girdle in mammals and birds.

5. Discuss the evolution of the middle ear ossicles in tetrapods.

6. Clearly distinguish between endothermy and ectothermy. What are the advantages of each condition?

Tetrapods fill many terrestrial niches, feeding in many different ways on a great variety of foods. Discuss the skull and jaw adaptations that can be seen in each class of tetrapods, with respect to diet and mode of feeding. Your discussion should be thoughtful but need not be comprehensive.