Standard English Name(s): sword fern
Local English Name(s) (if different from above):
Scientific Name(s): Polystichum munitum (Kaulf.) K.B. Presl.
Upriver Halkomelem Name(s): sthxhe:lum
Downriver Halkomelem Name(s): sthxhelum
Island Halkomelem Name(s): sthxhelum

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Description, Habitat, Ecology, & Distribution:
     This is a large, evergreen fern whose leaves grow to form a distinctive crown. Like other ferns, this species reproduces by spores, which in sword fern are produced in structures called sori (singular, sorus) on the undersides of the leaves, or fronds. Sword fern occurs in moist forests from low to middle elevations all along our coast.

Upriver Halkomelem Cultural Role(s):
     The rootstocks were roasted on hot coals and eaten.

Downriver Halkomelem Cultural Role(s):
Island Halkomelem Cultural Role(s):