1. Does investment in a cycling network result in more “all ages and abilities” riding a bike?
2. What population groups and neighborhoods are most affected by such investments? 
3. Do such investments improve safety and reduce collisions?
4. How do such investments impact health over time?  What are the health-related economic benefits of cycling in these cities, and from these investments?

We will use the following methods to gather the data and information to answer our questions:

1. A population-based survey: to estimate changes in the use of active travel, perceived safety, and cycling incidents, at the population-level and across demographic groups. We aim to survey 1000 residents in each city at 3 timepoints (2017-complete, 2019, 2021) using a 10 minute telephone survey.
2. Spatial and mapping methods to analyze the impact on spatial inequities of access to cycling infrastructure and safety incidents across neighbourhoods using GIS and mapping software.
3. Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) to assess the health-related economic benefits of active travel and and the cost-benefit ratio for the intervention. HEAT is a tool developed by the World Health Organization.