322 Syntax

Exercise 8

Answer Sheet

Complete the following from Carnie on p. 160:

That: Complete the tree diagrams. For these trees, use TP as Carnie does, and T⁰. There is more to this, but that is introduced in the following chapter. (T⁰ will be replaced with T since it is an argument.)

Click on both figures to enlargen

Predication or Predicate Phrase: Complete these.

a) the peanut butter = subject, has got moldy = predication

b) the duffer's swing = subject, blasted the golf ball across the green = predication

c) Depending on the theory there is either no subject for the matrix clause (or it is 'pro') or it is the embedded clausse "that Harry loves dancing;" and the predication is "is evidenced by his shiny tap shoes." The subject of the embedded clause is Harry, the predication is "loves dancing."

the Brazilians = the subject, pumped the oil across the river = predication.

Clause Types: Complete these. Infinitives and gerunds are [-Tense], symbol T.

a) the entire sentence is a matrix clause; [NULL] is C^-izer, Stalin = subject, 'may' = T (sic! T is adjoined to V). "That Roosevelt is a fool" = embedded clause; 'that' = C, 'is' = T, Roosevelt = subject.

b) The entire sentence is a matrix clause; [NULL] is C^-izer, Lenin = subject, believes = T. "The Tsar to be a power hungry dictator" is embedded clause; [NULL] is C^-izer, 'to' = T, the Tsar = subject.

c) the entire sentence is a matrix clause; [NULL] is C^-izer, had = T, subject = Brezhnev. "for Andropov to leave" = embedded clause; 'for' = C^-izer, 'to' = T ([-Tense]), Andropov = leave.

d) the entire sentence is a matrix clause; [NULL] is C^-izer, saw = T, Yel'tsin = subject. 'Chernenko holding the bag' = embedded clause; Chernenko = subject, [NULL] is C^-izer, holding = T ([-Tense]).

Trees: Complete a, c, e. Do these in the X⁰ notation.

a)

c)

e)