Sarah is currently working on her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology (forensic specialization). She completed her B.A. in Psychology at Wilfrid Laurier University. Her M.A. thesis examined psychosocial maturity and its relationship to offending. Her current research interests focus on youth justice programming, particularly the Intensive Support and Supervision Program. She is currently completing a clinical practicum at Youth Forensic Psychiatric Services.

Example Publications and Presentations:
Mallie, A. L., Viljoen, J. L., Mordell, S., Spice, A., & Roesch, R. (in press). Childhood abuse and adolescent sexual re-offending: A meta-analysis. Child and Youth Forum.
Mordell, S., Viljoen, J., Roesch, R., van der Woerd, K., & Khan, K. (2010, May). Best practices from a youth custody program review. Paper presented at the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services conference, Vancouver, B.C.

Previous and Current Funding: SSHRC Doctoral CGS (2009-2012), CIHR Student Health Professional Award (2009), SSHRC Masters (2007-2008) 

Erika completed her PhD in Clinical Child Psychology in 2012. She was a resident at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario from 2011-2012, and defended her doctoral dissertation in June of 2012. She currently works as a psychologist at BC Children's Hospital.

Example Publications and Presentations:
Penner, E. K., Roesch, R., & Viljoen, J. L. (2011). Young offenders in custody: An international comparison of mental health services. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 10, 215-232.
Viljoen, J. L., Penner, E. K., & Roesch, R. (2011). Competence and criminal responsibility in adolescent defendants: The roles of mental illness and adolescent development. In Feld, B., & Sound, D. (Eds.), Oxford Handbook on Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice, (pp. 527-548). UK: Oxford University Press.

Previous and Current Funding:
President’s Research Stipend (2011), SSHRC Doctoral CGS (2009-2012), Waterhouse Graduate Fellowship in Organizational Change and Innovation (2010), Student Led Research Grant in the Social Policy Field (2009), Graduate Fellowship (2009), SSHRC Master's CGS (2007-2008), AP-LS Grant-in-Aid (2008)

Andrew is currently completing his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology (Law & Forensic specialization). He completed his B.A. (Hons.) at the University of Manitoba in 2007 and his M.A. at Simon Fraser University in 2009. Andrew’s research focuses on remorse, risk and protective factors for adolescent offending, transfer to adult court/adult sentencing practices, and the extension of sex offender registration laws to youth. Clinically, Andrew has worked with adolescents and adults experiencing a wide variety of psychological difficulties, including borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, mood disorders, and paraphilias. He has completed clinical practica at Youth Forensic Psychiatric Services and the Dialectical Behaviour Therapy Centre of Vancouver. Andrew is currently completing his pre-doctoral internship at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto, Ontario.

Example Publications and Presentations:
Spice, A., Viljoen, J. L., Latzman, N. E., Scalora, M. J., & Ullman, D. (in press). Risk and protective factors for recidivism among adolescents who have offended sexually. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. Spice, A., Viljoen, J. L., Gretton, H. M., & Roesch, R. (2010). Psychological assessment for adult sentencing of juvenile offenders: An evaluation of the RSTI and the SAVRY. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 9, 124-137.
Spice, A., & Viljoen, J. L. (2011, March). Remorse, psychopathy, aggression, and offending among adolescent offenders. Poster presented at the Annual Conference of the American Psychology-Law Society, Miami, FL.
Spice, A., Penner, E. K., MacDougall, E., & Viljoen, J. L. (2010, March). Clinicians’ views of juvenile sex offender registration laws. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Psychology-Law Society, Vancouver, BC.

Previous and Current Funding:
SSHRC Doctoral Canada Graduate Scholarship (2010-2013), President’s Research Stipend (2012), SFU Graduate Fellowship (2010), American Psychology-Law Society Grant-in-Aid (2009), SSHRC Master’s Canada Graduate Scholarship (2008), SFU Graduate Fellowship (2007), Pacific Century Graduate Scholarship (2008), C.D. Nelson Memorial Scholarship (2007)

Jenn is a PhD student in Clinical Psychology (Law & Forensic specialization). She completed her Honours BSc (2007) and MSc (2008) at McMaster University in Ontario. Her MSc thesis examined contradictory self-reports of exposure to violence in a community sample of adolescents. Her research interests focus on impulsivity and risk-taking behaviour as it relates to aggression, violence, addictions and general mental health. Additionally, she is interested in the examination of change to dynamic risk factors.

Example Publications and Presentations:
Beneteau, J. L., Overmars, D., Viljoen, J., & Douglas, K. (2011). Psychopathology associated with Psychopathy among Justice-involved Adolescents. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychology Law Society, Miami, FL, March (Paper).
Beneteau, J. L. & Viljoen, J. (2010). Impulsivity and psychiatric symptoms in justice-involved youths. International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services Conference. Vancouver, BC, May (Poster).
Beneteau, J. L., Viljoen, J., Elkovitch, N., Scalora, M. J., & Ullman, D. (2010). Mental disorder and comorbidity as predictors of adolescent sexual reoffending. International Association of Forensic Mental Health Society Conference. Vancouver, BC, May (Poster).
Beneteau, J.L., Daly, M. & Viljoen, J. (2009). Inconsistent Self-Reports of Exposure to Violence from Children and Adolescents.. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Psychology-Law Society, San Antonio, Texas.

Previous and Current Funding:
SSHRC Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada Graduate Scholarship (2010-2013), Pacific Century Graduate Scholarship (2009-2010), AP-LS Grant-in-Aid (2009), C.D. Nelson Memorial Scholarship (2008-2009),

Etta is currently an M.A. student in Clinical Psychology (Law and Forensic specialization). She completed her BSc Honours at the University of New Brunswick in 2010. Her research interests center on resilience factors in youth offender populations and ways to integrate their use into treatment interventions aimed at decreasing recidivism rates. Additionally, she is interested in the response of youth offenders to treatment interventions and the type of interactions youth offenders have with authority figures (ex. police, probation officers).

Example Publications and Presentations:
Brodersen, E., Viljoen, J., Douglas, K., Tweed, R., & Bhatt, G. (2011, July). Comparing resilience factors between gang-involved and non-gang involved youth offenders. Poster presented at the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Society Conference. Barcelona, Spain.
Brodersen, E., & Voyer, D. (June, 2010). Hemispheric asymmetries in the visual perception of emotion. Poster presented at the annual Brain Behaviour and Cognitive Science conference in Halifax, NS.

Previous and Current Funding:
SSHRC PGM Scholarship (2011-2012), NSERC PGM Scholarship (2010 – declined), H. H. (Mike) Mikaelian Memorial Prize (2009 – 2010), Dr. Florence Snodgrass Memorial Prize (2009-2008)

Carmelina is a Ph.D. student in Clinical Psychology (Law & Forensic specialization). She completed her B.A. Honours in 2007 and her M.A. in 2012 at Simon Fraser University. Carmelina's research interests span a number of areas including risk and protective factors for adolescent offending, cognitive functioning and severe mental illness in individuals that come into contact with the criminal justice system, as well as eyewitness memory. Carmelina has completed a practicum at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in the Schizophrenia Program, and is currently completing practicums at Royal Columbian Hospital's Early Psychosis Intervention Program and the Surrey Regional Forensic Clinic.

Example Publications and Presentations:
Boydell, C. A., Barone, C. C., & Read, J. D. (in press). “You caught ‘em!”...Or not?: Feedback affects investigators’ recollections of speech cues thought to signal honesty and deception. Legal and Criminological Psychology.
Barone, C. C., Read, J. D., & Boydell, C. A. (2012, March). Individual Differences in eyewitness memory: The role of anxiety, depression, and personality traits. Poster presented at the American Psychology-Law Society Conference, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Barone, C. C., & Viljoen, J. L. (2011, March). Relational aggression in juvenile offenders: Mental health, risk, and protective factors. Poster presented at the American Psychology-Law Society Conference, Miami, Florida.
Barone, C. C., Farstad, S., Viljoen, J. L., Boydell, C. A. (2010, May). Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescent offenders: Risk and protective factors. Poster presented at the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services Conference (IAFMHS), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Previous and Current Funding:
CIHR Health Professional Student Award (2011), SSHRC Canada Graduate Scholarship (2009-2010), Pacific Century Graduate Scholarship (2009-2010), AP-LS Grant-in-Aid (2009 & 2011), Graduate Fellowship (2010)

Andrew is currently enrolled as a PhD student in the Clinical Psychology program (with a specialization in forensic psychology and law) at SFU. He completed the Behavioural Science Technology (BST) program at St. Lawrence College in 2007 and has since earned a BAH (2010) and MA (2012) in psychology at Carleton University. Andrew’s research interests lie primarily within the realm of offender self-report, intimate partner violence, and violence risk assessment with an emphasis on measuring change in dynamic risk. In addition, Andrew has clinical experience as an offender counsellor with the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) working with federally incarcerated adult male offenders.

Example Publications and Presentations:
Connors, A. D., Mills, J. F., & Gray, A. L. (2012). Intimate partner violence intervention for high risk offenders. Psychological Services. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/a0028979
Gray, A. L., & Mills, J. F. (2011). Measuring socially desirable responding within a forensic context. Response style or criminal proclivity. Crime Scene, 18 (1), 13-15.
Gray, A. L., & Mills, J. F. (2011, June). Comparing the long-term predictive accuracy of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised facet scores. Paper session presented at the Second North American Correctional and Criminal Justice Psychology Conference, Toronto, Ontario.
Gray, A. L., Mills, J. F., & Connors, A. D. (2011, June). Treatment attrition among domestically violent offenders. Paper session presented at the Second North American Correctional and Criminal Justice Psychology Conference, Toronto, Ontario.
Kroner, D. G., Gray, A. L., & Goodrich, B. (2011). Integrating risk context into risk assessments: The Risk Context Scale. Assessment. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/1073191111429613
Kroner, D. G., Mills, J. F., Gray, A., & Talbert, K. O. N. (2011). Clinical assessment in correctional settings. In T. J. Fagan & R. K. Ax (Eds.), Correctional mental health: From theory to best practice (pp. 79-102). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Mills, J. F., & Gray, A. L. (in press). Two-Tiered Violence Risk Estimates: A validation study of an integrated-actuarial risk assessment instrument. Psychological Services.

Previous and Current Funding:
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) of Canada Doctoral Fellowships (2012-2016), SFU Prevost’s Prize of Distinction (2012-2016), SFU Graduate Fellowship (2012), SFU Special Graduate Entrance Scholarship (2012), Ontario Graduate Scholarship (2011), Carleton University Dean of Graduate Studies Entrance Scholarship (2010-2012), Carleton University Admission Scholarship (2007-2010)

Catherine is a M.A student in Experimental Psychology (Law and Forensic specialization). She completed her Honours B.A. in 2010 at the University of Victoria and was awarded a lifetime membership to Psi Chi, the National Honor Society in Psychology, for recognition of outstanding academic and scholastic achievement. Catherine’s research interests include violence risk assessment and management and the identification of dynamic risk factors that increase the risk of violence and victimization. Additionally, she is interested in gender differences in risk and protective factors for youth gang involvement.

Example Publications and Presentations:
Shaffer, C., & Douglas, K. (2013, July). Does gender moderate the relationship between mental health and violence? Evidence from a civil psychiatric patient sample in Canada. Poster to be presented at the 13th Annual International Conference of Forensic Mental Health Services, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Shaffer, C., Kantner, J., & Lindsay, D.S. (2010, April). The Effects of Feedback on Recognition Memory: Learning the experimenter’s design. Poster presented at the 4th Annual Psychology Students of Vancouver Island Poster Session, Victoria, BC, Canada.

Previous and Current Funding:
SFU Graduate Fellowship (2013)

Billie Joe is currently a PhD student in Law and Forensic Psychology. She completed her B.A. Honours at the University of Waterloo in 2008. In 2011 she completed her M.A., which focused on resilience and enculturation among young offenders with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Her research interests include examining adverse experiences in relation to risk and protective factors in Aboriginal young offenders. Her research interests of protective factors also extend to young offenders diagnosed with FASD.

Example Publications and Presentations:
Rogers, B., Tsuruda, S., van der Woerd, K., & Roesch, R. (in press). Protective Factors and Resilience for Justice-Involved Aboriginal Youth in Canada. In E. Garcia-Lopez (Eds.), Psicopatología Forense. Mexico City, MX; Manual Moderno.
Rogers, B., MacLachlan, K., & Roesch, R. (2011). Identifying resilience and strengths in justice-involved youth with FASD. Paper presented at the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services, Barcelona, Spain. Roesch, R., & Rogers, B. (2011). Review of J.M. Brown & E.A. Campbell (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of forensic psychology. Canadian Psychology, 52, 242-243.

Previous and Current Funding:
National Network for Aboriginal Mental Health Research, CIHR Masters Scholarship (2010-2011)

Stephanie is currently completing her B.A. in Psychology and a minor in Criminology at Simon Fraser University. Stephanie’s research interests include adolescent offending, adolescents' family and peer relationships, and snd the treatmeat of mental disorders in adolescents.

Taryn completed her B.A. in Psychology with a minor in Criminology at Simon Fraser University in 2012. Her degree included a directed studies project which examined the use of risk assessment tools in adolescent court proceedings. Taryn’s primary research interests include the application of risk assessment tools within mental health and legal contexts, as well as gender differences in risk and protective factors. She is currently preparing to attend law school and pursue a joint J.D. and MPP.

Previous and Current Funding:
Vice President Research Undergraduate Student Research Award (2012)

Megan is currently completing her B.A. (Hons) in Psychology at Simon Fraser University. Megan’s honours project focuses on risk assessment and profiles of protective factors in adolescent offenders. She also completed an independent research project examining adolescent reports of gang involvement, and is particularly interested in the role of female youth in gangs. Her other research interests include the assessment of callous/unemotional traits related to psychopathy in adolescents as well as the process of desistance of offending in adolescents.

Example Publications and Presentations:
Banford, M., Urquart, T., Viljoen, J., Pankratz, C., Spani, M., Ciric, K., Brown, J., & Harvey, S. (2012). Substance use and protective factors in adolescent offenders. Poster to be presented at the annual conference for the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services, Maastricht.
Banford, M., Viljoen, J., & Brodersen, E. (2011, June). Psychopathic Features and Gang Involvement in Adolescent Offenders. Poster presentated at the annual conference for the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services, Miami.
Fowler, S., Banford, M., Viljoen, J., Urquhart, T., Wagner, S., & Harvey., S. (2011, June). Strengths in Adolescent Offenders on Probation. Poster presentation at the annual conference for the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services, Miami.

Previous and Current Funding:
Vice President Research Undergraduate Student Research Award (2012)

Sara Wagner is currently completing her final term towards a BA in Psychology with plans to continue pursuing her MA in Counseling Psychology. Her research interests include youth and family dynamics, especially in relation to on-going mental health issues within the larger family unit. She is particularly interested in youth and the part that mental health plays in behavior that leads to contact with the Youth Justice System. Some recent findings regarding the high rate of substance use in the female youth within Canada’s current justice system indicates a strong need for further studies...an area in which Sara will likely pursue.

Sara is an undergraduate student completing a major in Psychology. Although still determining her specific career path, she is highly interested in and motivated to pursue a profession that focuses on mental health awareness and promotion amongst adolescence.

Michelle Collins is the Study Manager for a project examining mental health, risks, and needs of youth involved in the justice system. She completed her B.A. in Psychology from Simon Fraser University in 2003 and has worked in the Psychology department for five years as a research assistant and teaching assistant. In addition to her role in the Viljoen Lab, Michelle is the Lab Manager for Dr. Kevin Douglas, and is employed with BC Mental Health & Addiction Services as Project Coordinator for a study examining the closure of Riverview Hospital.

Example Publications and Presentations:
Nicholson, E., Yousofi, A., Collins, M. J., Nikolova, N. L., Douglas, K. S. (2011, June). The role of patient perceptions and negative emotionality in treatment engagement for patients with antisocial personalities. Poster presented at the 11th annual conference of the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services, Barcelona, Spain.
Lavoie, J. A. A., Reeves, K. A., Wilson, C. M., Guy, L. S., Collins, M. J., & Douglas, K. S. (2010, March). The impact of gender on the associations between violence perpetration, victimization, and violence toward self. Paper presented at the annual conference of the American Psychology-Law Society (Division 41 of the American Psychological Association), Vancouver, BC.
Collins, M. J., Desmarais, S. L., Nicholls, T. L., & Brink, J. (2008, July). The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START): Evaluating perceived utility and user satisfaction in clinical practice. Poster presented at the 8th annual conference of the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services, Vienna, Austria.
Douglas, K. S., Desmarais, S. L., Collins, M. J., & Skeem, J.(2007, June). Common and unique risks for violence, victimization, and suicide attempts. In K.S. Douglas (Chair), Risk Reduction in Mental Health. Symposium presented at the 7th annual conference of the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services, Montreal, QU.

Erik completed his BA (Hon.) in Psychology with a minor in Criminology from SFU in 2011. His Honours thesis explored the rates of deliberate self-harm among adolescent offenders in the community, and tools to identify youth at risk of these behaviours. Erik’s research interests include resiliency and protective factors among adolescents, as well service use among adolescent offenders. He is also interested in policy implications and promoting positive change.

Example Publications and Presentations:
Gulbransen, E., Viljoen, J.L., & Beneteau, J. (2011, June). Response biases, the PAI-A, and adolescent offenders: Should self-report of mental health be trusted? Poster presented at the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services Conference, Barcelona, Spain.
Gulbransen, E., Viljoen, J.L., & Beneteau, J. (2010, September). Deliberate Self Harm Among Youth on Probation: Can the MAYSI-2 be of Assistance? Poster presented at the 2011 American Psychology-Law Conference, Miami, Florida.

Previous and Current Funding:
Vice President Research Undergraduate Student Research Award (2011)

Richelle completed her B.A in Psychology (2010) at the University of the Fraser Valley and her M.A in Criminology (2012) at Simon Fraser University. Her M.A thesis focused on how parental attachment and early behavior problems relate to adolescent psychopathy. Her research interests focus on adolescent offenders, psychopathy, and youth forensic assessment. She is also interested in the predictive validity of risk assessment tools for adolescents and how these tools influence juvenile sentencing.

Previous and Current Funding:
SSHRC Masters CGS (2010-2011), Graduate Fellowship (2010-2011)

Natalie recently completed her B.A. (Hon.) in Psychology at Simon Fraser University where her thesis examined the experiences of patients with mental health problems in the emergency department. She is currently working on as an interviewer for the project examining mental health, risks, and needs of youth involved in the justice system. Her research interests include risk assessment of young offenders and the dynamics of prison environments.

Courtney recently completed her BA (Hon.) in Psychology with a minor in Counselling and Human Development. Her interests include examining the ways in which sociocultural and historical factors shape how we understand ourselves as well as is interested in the role communities play in determining the well-being of individuals. She hopes to follow a career path that aims to promote mental health within the community by exploring possible avenues for change and social development.

Ksenija recently completed her BA in Psychology with a minor in Biology at the University of British Columbia. Her research interests include examining the risk and protective factors which may predispose youth to problems with the justice system. Additionally, she is interested in psychopathy factors, along with their stability and ability to predict youth violence.

Michelle is currently completely her B.A. in Psychology at Simon Fraser University. Her research interests include risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use contributing to the victimization of adolescents by their peers and rates of resultant self-injurious and suicidal behaviours.

Kaitlyn McLachlan graduated with her Ph.D. in Clinical Forensic Psychology from Simon Fraser University in 2012. She is currently a post-doctoral at the University of Alberta and is conducting research with youth and young adults with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.

Danika is currently a Ph.D. student in Counselling Psychology at the University of British Columbia. She completed her M.A. in Counselling Psychology at the University of Toronto where her thesis consisted of a qualitative investigation of the work-related supports, challenges and barriers faced by Aboriginal young adults living in the Toronto area.

Emily is currently an M.A./Ph.D. student in Child Forensic Psychology at the University of Alabama. Emily completed her B.A. (Hon.) in Psychology at Simon Fraser University in 2010. Her Honours thesis examined the use of mental health evaluations in court cases involving adolescent offenders.

Allison is currently an M.A. student in Counselling Psychology at the University of Northern British Columbia. She completed her B.A. (Hon.) in Psychology at Simon Fraser University in 2010. Her Honours thesis examined the relationship between psychopathic features in adolescent offenders and treatment compliance.

Adana is currently an M.A. student in Counselling Psychology at the Adler School of Professional Psychology. She completed her B.A. (Hon.) in Psychology at Simon Fraser University in 2009. Her Honours thesis examined the relationship between childhood abuse and adolescent sexual offending.

Sarah is currently an M.A. student in Clinical Psychology at the University of Calgary. She completed her B.A. (Hon.) in Psychology at Simon Fraser University in 2011. Her Honours thesis examined risk and protective factors for substance abuse among adolescent offenders.

Tiara is currently a law student at Queen Mary University in London. She completed her B.A. in psychology at the University of the Fraser Valley in 2010.

Alexandra is currently a law student at the University of Victoria. She completed her B.A. in Psychology at Simon Fraser University in 2011.

Kiilea is currently an M.A. student in Counselling Psychology at Simon Fraser University. She completed her B.A. in Psychology at Simon Fraser University in 2011.

Twila Wingrove graduated with her Ph.D./J.D. from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 2009. She is currently an Assistant Professor at Appalachian State University.

Natasha Elkovitch graduated with her Ph.D. from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 2010. She is currently employed as a research scientist in the Division of Violence Prevention at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version

The START:AV has several key features:
1) rather than focusing solely on violence risk, it examines broader adverse outcomes which adolescents are vulnerable to (including self-harm, suicide, victimization, substance abuse, unauthorized leave, self-neglect, general offending);
2) it is designed for both mental health and justice populations;
3) it places a heavy emphasis on adolescents’ strengths; and
4) it focuses on dynamic factors that are relevant to short-term assessment, risk management, and treatment.

Conference Presentations on START:AV:

• Viljoen, J., Beneteau, J., Brodersen, E., Gulbransen, E., Cruise, K., Nicholls, T., Desmarais, S., & Douglas, K. (2012, April). Assessing Protective Factors in Adolescent Offenders: A Comparison of the SAVRY, YLS/CMI, and START:AV. Paper presented at the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services Conference, Miami, FL.
  
• Desmarais, S., Sellers, B. G., Dvoskin, J., Viljoen, J. L., Cruise, K., & Nicholls, R. (2012, March). Descriptive and Psychometric Characteristics of START-AV Assessments: Findings from a Pilot Implementation Study. Paper presented at the American Psychology-Law Society Conference, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
  
• Sellers, B., Desmarais, S., Dvoskin, J., Viljoen, J. L., Cruise, K., & Nicholls, T. (2012, March). Change in Dynamic Items and Risk Estimates over Time: Findings from a Pilot Implementation of the START-AV. Poster presented at the American Psychology-Law Society Conference, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
  
• Viljoen, J. L., Nicholls, T. L., Cruise, K., Desmarais, S., & Beneteau, J. (2011, June). The Psychometric Properties of the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability for Adolescents: A Prospective Study with Adolescent Offenders. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services, Barcelona, Spain.
  
• Sher, M. (2011, June). Implementation of the START:AV in a medium secure adolescent service in the UK. Annual Conference of the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services, Barcelona, Spain.
  
• Cruise, K., Nicholls, T., Viljoen, J. L., Desmarais, S., & Petersen, K. (2010, May). Adapting the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) for adolescent populations. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services, Vancouver, Canada.