Computational Details
These terms are used in the formulas that follow:
- p
- periodic payment
- a
- principal amount
- ra
- nominal annual rate
- f
- compounding frequency (per year)
- f'
- payment frequency (per year)
- r
- periodic rate
- re
- effective interest rate
- n
- total number of payments
The periodic rate, or the simple interest applied during a payment
period, is given by
-
r = ( 1 + [(ra)/f ])f/f' - 1
Note that the interest calculation is performed at each payment
period rather than at the compound period. This is done by adjusting
the nominal rate. Refer to Muksian (1984) for details.
Note that when f = f', that is,
when the payment and compounding frequency coincide,
the preceding expression reduces to the familiar form:
-
r = [(ra)/f ]
The periodic rate for continuous compounding can be obtained from this
general expression by taking the limit as the compounding frequency f
goes to infinity. The resulting expression is
-
r = exp([(ra)/f']) - 1
The effective interest rate, or annualized percentage rate (APR),
is that rate which, if compounded once per year, is equivalent
to the nominal annual rate compounded f times per year.
Thus,
-
(1 + re) = (1 + r)f = (1 + [(ra)/f])f
or
-
re = (1 + [(ra)/f])f - 1
For continuous compounding, the effective interest rate is given by
-
re = exp(ra) - 1
Refer to Muksian (1984) for details.
The payment is calculated as
-
p = [a r/(1 - [1/((1 + r)n)])]
The amount is calculated as
-
a = [p/r] (1 - [1/((1 + r)n)] )
Both the payment and amount are rounded to the nearest hundredth (cent)
unless the ROUND= specification is different than the default, 2.
The total number of payments n is calculated as
-
n = [(- ln(1 - [ar/p]))/(ln(1 + r))]
The total number of payments is rounded up to the nearest integer.
The nominal annual rate is calculated using the bisection method,
with a as the objective and r starting
in the interval between 8*10-6 and .1
with an initial midpoint .01 and successive midpoints bisecting.
Copyright © 1999 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.