The STANDARD Procedure

Example 2: Standardizing BY Groups and Replacing Missing Values

Procedure features:

PROC STANDARD statement options:

	PRINT
	REPLACE

BY statement

Other features:

FORMAT procedure

PRINT procedure

SORT procedure

This example

calculates Z scores separately for each BY group using a mean of 1 and standard deviation of 0
replaces missing values with the given mean
prints the mean and standard deviation for the variables to standardize
prints the output data set.

Program

options nodate pageno=1 linesize=80 pagesize=60; proc format; value popfmt 1='Stable' 2='Rapid'; run;

data lifexp; input PopulationRate Country $char14. Life50 Life93 @@; label life50='1950 life expectancy' life93='1993 life expectancy'; datalines; 2 Bangladesh . 53 2 Brazil 51 67 2 China 41 70 2 Egypt 42 60 2 Ethiopia 33 46 1 France 67 77 1 Germany 68 75 2 India 39 59 2 Indonesia 38 59 1 Japan 64 79 2 Mozambique . 47 2 Philippines 48 64 1 Russia . 65 2 Turkey 44 66 1 United Kingdom 69 76 1 United States 69 75 ;

proc sort data=lifexp; by populationrate; run;

proc standard data=lifexp mean=0 std=1 replace print out=zscore;

by populationrate;

format populationrate popfmt.; title1 'Life Expectancies by Birth Rate'; run;

proc print data=zscore noobs; title 'Standardized Life Expectancies at Birth'; title2 'by a Country''s Birth Rate'; run;

Output

PROC STANDARD prints the variable name, mean, standard deviation, input frequency, and label of each variable to standardize for each BY group.
Life expectancies for Bangladesh, Mozambique, and Russia are no longer missing. The missing values are replaced with the given mean (0).

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PROC STANDARD prints the variable name, mean, standard deviation, input frequency, and label of each variable to standardize for each BY group. Life expectancies for Bangladesh, Mozambique, and Russia are no longer missing. The missing values are replaced with the given mean (0).