This article has two main parts. In the first, the subject pronoun
in a cleft sentence together with the cleft clause is shown to
function pragmatically as a discontinuous definite description.
Applying the GIVENNESS HIERARCHY (Gundel
et al. 1993) makes it possible to explain the distribution of
this-clefts and that-clefts in discourse, and predicts
the more frequent occurrence of it-clefts. Clefts also
semantically share existential and exhaustiveness conditions with
definite descriptions. The second part presents a new syntactic
analysis of clefts, which treats the cleft clause as an extraposed
complement of the cleft subject pronoun, adjoined to the clefted
constituent.