Michael Howlett and M. Ramesh, Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996)

Robert Campbell and Leslie Pal, The Real Worlds of Canadian Politics (Peterborough: Broadview Press, 1994)

Doern, G.B., L. Pal, and B.W. Tomlin, ed. Border Crossings: The Internationalization of Canadian Public Policy. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Daniel C. McCool, Public Policy Theories, Models, and Concepts: An Anthology (New York: Prentice Hall, 1995)

Sabatier, Paul A. Theories of the Policy Process. Boulder: Westview Press, 1999.

1. There will be a final examination worth 40 percent of the course mark.

2. One 15-20 page paper is due at the end of term and is worth 40 percent of the class mark. Papers should be typed, double-spaced and properly formatted. Papers are due on the last day of class. LATE PAPERS WILL LOSE TEN PERCENT PER DAY LATE.

3. A 3-5 page outline of the paper is due (posted to the Class Maillist pol351-d1@sfu.ca) in Week VII. The outline should set out the general argument to be made in the paper, the methodology to be followed, and include appropriate traditional and non-traditional (WWW) bibliographic references. The outline will be returned in Week VIII and will account for 10 percent of the course mark. LATE OUTLINES WILL RECEIVE A ZERO GRADE.

4. Ten percent of the course mark will be awarded on the basis of class participation. This includes the presentation to the Class Maillist pol351-d1@sfu.ca) by 5:00 pm Monday of written questions on the topic discussed in that week of class. These questions will form the basis for review discussion at the beginning of each tutorial. LATE QUESTIONS WILL RECEIVE A ZERO GRADE.

Choose one of the stages of the policy cycle discussed in class. Set out the elements of a policy theory outlining the factors affecting that stage of the policy process. Utilizing evidence from a Canadian example, discuss why the theory does or does not apply in this case.

Garson, G. David. "From Policy Science to Policy Analysis: A Quarter Century of Progress." In Policy Analysis: Perspectives, Concepts, and Methods, edited by W. N. Dunn. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press, 1986. 3-22.

Lyden, Fremont J., George A. Shipman, and Robert W. Wilkinson. "Decision-Flow Analysis: A Methodology for Studying the Public Policy-Making Process." In P. P. Le Breton, ed(s), Comparative Administrative Theory, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1968. 155-168.

Simmons, Robert H. et al. "Policy Flow Analysis: A Conceptual Model for Comparative Public Policy Research." Western Political Quarterly. 27, no. 3 (1974): 457-468.

Sabatier, Paul A. "Toward Better Theories of the Policy Process." PS: Political Science and Politics. 24, no. 2 (1991): 144-156.

deLeon, Peter. "The Stages Approach to the Policy Process: What Has It Done? Where Is It Going?" In P. A. Sabatier, ed(s), Theories of the Policy Process, Boulder: Westview, 1999. 19-34.

Michael Howlett and M. Ramesh, Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) Chapter 1

Lasswell, Harold D. "The Policy Orientation." In The Policy Sciences, edited by D. Lerner and H. D. Lasswell. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1951. 3-15.

Lasswell, Harold D. The Decision Process: Seven Categories of Functional Analysis. College Park: University of Maryland, 1956. 1-23

Wagner, Peter et al. "The Policy Orientation: Legacy and Promise." In C. H. W. Peter Wagner, Bjorn Wittrock, Helmut Wollman, ed(s), Social Sciences and Modern States: National Experiences and Theoretical Crossroads, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. 2-27.

Tribe, Laurence H. "Policy Science: Analysis or Ideology?" Philosphy and Public Affairs. 2, no. 1 (1972): 66-110.

Michael Howlett and M. Ramesh, Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) Chapter 2 pp. 18-27

Kiser, Larry L. and Elinor Ostrom. "The Three Worlds of Action: A Metatheoretical Synthesis of Institutional Approaches." In E. Ostrom, ed(s), Strategies of Political Inquiry, Beverly Hills: Sage, 1982. 179-222.

Frans A.A.M. Van Winden, "The Economic Theory of Political Decision-Making." In Public Choice, edited by J. van den Broeck. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1988.

Boris Frankel, "On the State of the State: Marxist Theories of the State After Leninism" in A. Giddens and D. Held, eds., Classes, Power and Conflict Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982 pp. 257-273

Peters, B. Guy. Institutional Theory in Political Science: The 'New Institutionalism'. London: Pinter, 1999. Chapter 3

Michael Howlett and M. Ramesh, Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) Chapter 2. pp. 28-48

Phillipe Schmitter, "Modes of Interest Intermediation and Models of Societal Change in Western Europe" in Comparative Political Studies, 10 (1) 1977 pp. 501-536

Stokey, Edith and Richard Zeckhauser. A Primer for Policy Analysis. New York: W.W. Norton, 1978, Chapters 14 and 15

Smith, Martin J. "Pluralism, Reformed Pluralism and Neopluralism: The Role of Pressure Groups in Policy-Making." Political Studies. 38: June(1990): 302-22.

Hall, Peter A. and Rosemary C. R. Taylor. "Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms." Political Studies. 44(1996): 936-957.

Michael Howlett and M. Ramesh, Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) Chapter 3.

Wright, Maurice. "Policy Community, Policy Network and Comparative Industrial Policies." Political Studies. 36, no. 4 (1988): 593-612.

Burstein, Paul. "Policy Domains: Organization, Culture and Policy Outcomes." Annual Review of Sociology. 17 (1991): 327-350.

Milward, H. Brinton and Gary L. Walmsley. "Policy Subsystems, Networks and the Tools of Public Management." In R. Eyestone, ed(s), Public Policy Formation, Greenwich: JAI Press, 1984. 3-25.

Knoke, David. "Networks as Political Glue: Explaining Public Policy-Making." In W. J. Wilson, ed(s), Sociology and the Public Agenda, London: Sage, 1993. 164-184.

Michael Howlett and M. Ramesh, Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) Chapter 4.

Salamon, Lester M. and Michael S. Lund. "The Tools Approach: Basic Analytics." In Beyond Privatization: The Tools of Government Action, edited by L. S. Salamon. Washington D.C: Urban Institute, 1989.

Hood, Christopher. The Tools of Government. Chatham: Chatham House, 1986. pp. 1-16

Woodside, K. "Policy Instruments and the Study of Public Policy." Canadian Journal of Political Science. 19, no. 4 (1986): 775-793.

de Bruijn, J.A. and E.F. ten Heuvelhof. "Instruments for Network Management." In W. J. M. Kickert, E.-H. Klijn and J. F. M. Koppenjan, ed(s), Managing Complex Networks: Strategies for the Public Sector, London: Sage, 1997. 119-136.

Michael Howlett and M. Ramesh, Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) Chapter 5.

Kingdon, John W. Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1984. 173-204

Stone, Deborah A. "Causal Stories and the Formation of Policy Agendas." Political Science Quarterly. 104, no. 2 (1989): 281-300.

Keeler, John T.S. "Opening the Window for Reform: Mandates, Crises and Extraordinary Policy-Making." Comparative Political Studies. 25, no. 4 (1993): 433-486.

Cobb, Roger W. and Marc Howard Ross. "Denying Agenda Access: Strategic Considerations." In R.W. Cobb and M. H. Ross, ed(s), Cultural Strategies of Agenda Denial: Avoidance, Attack and Redefinition, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1997.

Michael Howlett and M. Ramesh, Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) Chapter 6.

Campbell, John L. "Institutional Analysis and the Role of Ideas in Political Economy." Theory and Society. 27, no. 5 (1998): 377-409.

Zahariadis, Nikoloas and Christopher S. Allen. "Ideas, Networks, and Policy Streams: Privatization in Britain and Germany." Policy Studies Review. 14, no. 1/2 (1995): 71-98.

Heinz, John P. et al. "Inner Circles or Hollow Cores." Journal of Politics. 52, no. 2 (1990): 356-390.

Doern, G. Bruce, Leslie A. Pal, and Brian W. Tomlin. "The Internationalization of Canadian Public Policy." In G. B. Doern, L. A. Pal and B. W. Tomlin, ed(s), Border Crossings: The Internationalization of Canadian Public Policy, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1996. 1-26.

Michael Howlett and M. Ramesh, Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) Chapter 7.

Smith, Gilbert and David May. "The Artificial Debate Between Rationalist and Incrementalist Models of Decision-Making." Policy and Politics 8(1980): 147-161.

Lindblom, Charles. "The Science of Muddling Through." Public Administration Review 19, no. 2 (1959): 79-88 and Lindblom, Charles. "Still Muddling, Not Yet Through." Public Administration Review 39(1979): 517-529. - Reprinted in McCool

Cohen, M., J. March, and J. Olsen. "A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice." Administrative Science Quarterly 17(1972): 1-25.

Weiss, Carol H. "Knowledge Creep and Decision Accretion." Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization. 1, no. 3 (1980): 381-404.

Michael Howlett and M. Ramesh, Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) Chapter 8.

Schneider, Anne L. and Helen Ingram. "Policy Design: Elements, Premises, and Strategies." In Policy Theory and Policy Evaluation: Concepts, Knowledge, Causes, and Norms, edited by S. S. Nagel. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990. 77-101.

Bressers, Hans Th. A. and Laurence J. O'Toole. "The Selection of Policy Instruments: A Network-based Perspective." Journal of Public Policy. 18, no. 3 (1998): 213-239.

Hawkins, Keith and John M. Thomas. "Making Policy in Regulatory Bureaucracies." In K. Hawkins and J. M. Thomas, ed(s), Making Regulatory Policy, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989. 3-30.

Linder, Stephen H. and B. Guy Peters. "Instruments of Government: Perceptions and Contexts"." Journal of Public Policy. 9, no. 1 (1989): 35-58.

Michael Howlett and M. Ramesh, Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) Chapter 9.

Pierson, Paul. "When Effect Becomes Cause: Policy Feedback and Political Change." World Politics. 45, no. 595-628 (1993)

Bennett, Colin J. "Understanding Ripple Effects: The Cross-National Adoption of Policy Instruments for Bureaucratic Accountability." Governance. 10, no. 3 (1997): 213-233.

Bennett, Colin and Michael Howlett. "The Lessons of Learning: Reconciling Theories of Policy Learning and Policy Change." Policy Sciences 25:3 (1992): 275-94.

Dolowitz, David P. and David Marsh. "Policy Transfer: A Framework for Comparative Analysis." In M. Minogue, C. Polidano and D. Hulme, ed(s), Beyond the New Public Management: Changing Ideas and Practices in Governance, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1998. 38-58.

Baumgartner, Frank R. and Bryan D. Jones. "Agenda Dynamics and Policy Subsystems." Journal of Politics. 53, no. 4 (1991): 1044-1074.

Wilsford, David. "Path Dependency, or Why History Makes It Difficult but Not Impossible to Reform Health Care Systems in A Big Way." Journal of Public Policy. 14, no. 3 (1994): 251-284.

Hall, Peter A. "Policy Paradigms, Social Learning and the State: The Case of Economic Policy-Making in Britain." Comparative Politics 25:3(1993): 275-96.

Sabatier, Paul A. "An Advocacy Coalition Framework of Policy Change and the Role of Policy-Oriented Learning Therein." Policy Sciences. 21, no. 2/3 (1988): 129-168. - Reprinted in McCool.

Menahem, Gila. "Policy Paradigms, Policy Networks and Water Policy in Israel." Journal of Public Policy. 18, no. 3 (1998): 283-310.

Lynn, Laurence E. "A Place at the Table: Policy Analysis, Its Postpositive Critics, and the Future of Practice." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 18, no. 3 (1999): 411-424.

Coleman, William D. and Anthony Perl. "Internationalized Policy Environments and Policy Network Analysis." Political Studies. 47(1999): 691-709.

Roe, Emery. "Poverty, Defense and the Environment: How Policy Optics, Policy Incompleteness, fastthinking.com, Equivalency Paradox, Deliberation Trap, Mailbox Dilemma, the Urban Ecosystem and the End of Problem Solving Recast Difficult Policy Issues." Administration and Society. 31, no. 6 (2000): 687-725.

Torgerson, Douglas. "Power and Insight in Policy Discourse: Post-Positivism and Policy Discourse." In L. Dobuzinskis, M. Howlett and D. Laycock, ed(s), Policy Studies in Canada: The State of the Art, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. 266-298.

Howlett, Michael and M. Ramesh. "Policy Subsystem Configurations and Policy Change: Operationalizing the Postpositivist Analysis of the Politics of the Policy Process." Policy Studies Journal. 26, no. 3 (1998): 466-482.