POLITICS 459
SELECTED TOPICS IN PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC LAW AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: CANADIAN NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
COURSE READING LIST
(99-1)
Class Time: Thursday 1:30-5:20
Class Location: AQ 5007
Instructor: Dr. Michael Howlett
Office: AQ 6043 Phone: 291-3082
Office Hours: Thursday 12:30-1:30
E-Mail: howlett@sfu.ca
OUTLINE:
Note: This outline is available through the World Wide Web at URL:
http://www.sfu.ca/politics/courses.html
This course examines the historical, economic and political significance of natural resources in Canada. It then addresses a range of current policy issues relating to the natural resource industries including: constitutional jurisdiction; policy instrument choices; policy subsystems; the policy-making process; and sustainability. An overview of the types of regulation Canadian governments have imposed on the sector is provided and a framework for understanding the political and economic forces influencing government policy formation is developed.
REQUIREMENTS AND MARKING:
1. There will be a final examination worth 30 percent of the course mark.
2. One 15-20 page paper is due at the end of term and is worth 50 percent of the class mark. Papers should be typed, double-spaced and properly formatted. Papers are due on the last day of class. LATE PAPERS WILL LOSE TEN PERCENT PER DAY LATE.
3. Twenty percent of the course mark will be awarded on the basis of class participation. This includes the completion of a reading presentation in class time based on reactions to a book or article review posted to the maillist established for the class (pol459-d1@sfu.ca) and a seminar presentation in class time based upon a first draft of the term paper.
REQUIRED TEXTS:
1. M. Hessing and M. Howlett, Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1997)
2. B. Mitchell ed., Resource and Environmental Management in Canada (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995)
RECOMMENDED TEXTS:
1. J. Britton ed., Canada and the Global Economy (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996)
2. G. Thompson, M. McConnell, L.B. Huestis eds, Environmental Law and Business in Canada (Toronto: Canada Law Book, 1993)
PAPER TOPIC:
Choose a Canadian government and a resource sector. Focussing either upon a current industrial or environmental policy issue, outline the current policy of that government towards that issue and the historical evolution of that policy. On the basis of this investigation, discuss the significant factors which have influenced the development of the policy chosen.
WEEKLY READING LIST
WEEK I - INTRODUCTION: ISSUES AND APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF CANADIAN NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
Required Reading:
M. Hessing and M. Howlett, Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1997) Chapter 1
J.G. Nelson, "Sustainable Development, Conservation Strategies and Heritage" in Bruce Mitchell ed. Resource and Environmental Management in Canada (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) pp. 384-405
Recommended Reading:
George Altmeyer, "Three Ideas of Nature in Canada, 1893-1914" in Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Toronto: Copp Clark, 1995) pp. 96-118
T. Gunton and J. Richards, "Political Economy of Resource Policy", in Thomas Gunton and John Richards eds., Resource Rents and Public Policy in Western Canada, (Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy, 1987) pp. 1-27
John N. McDougall, "Natural Resources and National Politics: A Look at Three Canadian Resource Industries" in G.B. Doern, ed., The Politics of Economic Policy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985) pp. 163-220
WEEK II - THE CONTEXT OF CANADIAN NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY (I): THE ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN CANADA
Required Reading:
Bruce Wilkinson, "Canada's Resource Industries: A Survey" in John Whalley ed., Canada's Resource Industries and Water Export Policy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1986) pp. 1-160
Glen Norcliffe, "Foreign Trade in Goods and Services" in J. Britton ed., Canada and the Global Economy (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996) pp. 25-47
David Vogel and Alan M. Rugman, "Environmentally Related Trade Disputes Between the United States and Canada" in American Review of Canadian Studies 27, 1997 pp. 271-292
Recommended Reading:
Mel Watkins, "A Staple Theory of Economic Growth" in Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science 29 (2) 1963 pp. 141-158
C. Knick Harley, "Resources and Economic Development in Historical Perspective" in David Laidler ed., Responses to Economic Change, (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1986) pp. 1-32
G. Bruce Doern, "The Mega-Project Episode and the Foundations of Canadian Economic Development Policy" in Canadian Public Administration 26(2) 1983
WEEK III - THE CONTEXT OF CANADIAN NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY (II):THE SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN CANADA
Required Reading:
M. Hessing and M. Howlett, Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1997) Chapter 2
Maureen G. Reed, "Implementing Sustainable Development in Hinterland Regions" in B. Mitchell ed., Resource and Environmental Management in Canada (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) pp. 335-359
Recommended Reading:
Alex Himmelfarb, "The Social Characteristics of One-Industry Towns in Canada" in Roy T. Bowles, ed., Little Communities and Big Industries (Toronto: Butterworths, 1982) pp. 16-43
Trevor J. Barnes, "External Shocks: Regional Implications of an Open Staple Economy" in J. Britton ed., Canada and the Global Economy (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996) pp. 48-68
Cathy Nesmith and Pamela Wright, "Gender, Resources, and Environmental Management" in B. Mitchell ed., Resource and Environmental Management in Canada (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) pp. 80-98
WEEK IV - THE CONTEXT OF CANADIAN NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY (III): INSTITUTIONS AND CONSTITUTIONS
Required Reading:
M. Hessing and M. Howlett, Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1997) Chapter 3
Robert J.P. Gale, 'NAFTA and Its Implications for Resource and Environmental Management" in Bruce Mitchell ed. Resource and Environmental Management in Canada (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) pp. 99-129
Jackie Wolfe-Keddie, "First Nation's Sovereignty and Land Claims: Implications for Resource Management" in Bruce Mitchell ed. Resource and Environmental Management in Canada (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) pp. 55-79
Recommended Reading:
Peter N. Nemetz, "The Fisheries Act and Federal-Provincial Environment Regulation: Duplication of Complementary?" in Canadian Public Administration 29 (3) 1986 pp. 401-424
S.I. Bushnell, "The Control of Natural Resources Through the Trade and Commerce Power and Proprietary Rights" in Canadian Public Policy 6(2) 1980 pp. 313-324
William D. Moull, "The Legal effect of the Resource Amendment - What's New in Section 92a?" in J. P. Meekison, R.J. Romanow, and W.D. Moull, Origins and Meaning of Section 92(a): The 1982 Constitutional Amendment on Resources (Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy, 1985)
WEEK V - CANADIAN NATURAL RESOURCE POLICY ANALYSIS (I): POLICY SUBSYSTEMS
Required Reading:
M. Hessing and M. Howlett, Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1997) Chapter 4
Maurice Wright, "Policy Community, Policy Network and Comparative Industrial Policies." Political Studies. 36, no. 4 (1988): 593-612.
Recommended Reading:
Jeremy Wilson, "Wilderness Politics in BC: The Business Dominated State and the Containment of Environmentalism" in William D. Coleman and Grace Skogstad eds. Policy Communities and Public Policy in Canada: A Structural Approach (Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman, 1990) pp. 141-169
Michael Howlett and Jeremy Rayner, "Do Ideas Matter? Policy Subystem Configurations and Policy Change in the Canadian Forest Sector" in Canadian Public Administration 38(3) 1995 pp. 382-410
Jeffrey A. Hutchings, Carl Waters, and Richard L. Haedrich, "Is Scientific Inquiry Incompatible with Government Information Control?" in Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 54 1997 pp. 1198-1210
WEEK VI - CANADIAN NATURAL RESOURCE POLICY ANALYSIS (II): POLICY PROCESSES
Required Reading:
M. Hessing and M. Howlett, Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1997) Chapter 5
Mark Sproule-Jones, "Public Choice Theory and Natural Resources: Methodological Explication and Critique" in American Political Science Review 76, 1982 pp. 790-804
G.B. Doern and G. Toner, The Politics of Energy: The Development and Implementation of the National Energy Program (Toronto: Methuen, 1985) Chapter 1
Recommended Reading:
A.P. Grima, "Participatory Rites: Integrating Public Involvement in Environmental Impact Assessment" in J.B.R. Whitney and V.W. Maclaren eds., Environmental Impact Assessment: The Canadian Experience (Toronto: University of Toronto Institute for Environmental Studies,1985) pp. 33-52
M. Howlett, "The 1987 National Forest Sector Strategy and the Search for a Federal Role in the Canadian Forest Sector" in Canadian Public Administration 32(4) 1989 pp. 545-563
Stewart A.G. Elgie, "Environmental Groups and the Courts: 1970-1992" in Geoffrey Thompson, Moira L. McConnell and Lynne B. Huestis, eds. Environmental Law and Business in Canada (Aurora: Canada Law Book Inc, 1993) pp. 185-224
WEEK VII - CANADIAN NATURAL RESOURCE POLICY ANALYSIS (III): POLICY INSTRUMENTS
Required Reading:
M. Hessing and M. Howlett, Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1997) Chapter 9
M.A. Molot, "Public Resource Corporations: Impetus and Evolution" in N. Bankes and J.O. Saunders eds., Public Disposition of Natural Resources (Calgary: Canadian Institute of Resources Law, 1984) pp. 285-304
Thomas Meredith, "Assessing Environmental Impacts in Canada" in Bruce Mitchell ed. Resource and Environmental Management in Canada (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) pp. 360-383
Recommended Reading:
J. Cohen and M. Krashinsky, "Capturing the Rents on Resource Land for the Public Landowner: The Case for a Crown Corporation" in Canadian Public Policy 2(3) 1976 pp. 411-423
M.W. Bucovetsky, "The Mining Industry and the Great Tax Reform Debate" in A.P. Pross ed., Pressure Group Behavior in Canadian Politics (Toronto: McGraw Hill, 1975) pp. 89-114
Ted Schrecker, "Environmental Law and the Greening of Government: A Cynical Guide" in Geoffrey Thompson, Moira L. McConnell and Lynne B. Huestis, eds. Environmental Law and Business in Canada (Aurora: Canada Law Book Inc, 1993) pp. 161-183
WEEK VIII - CANADIAN NATURAL RESOURCE POLICY ANALYSIS (IV): POLICY OBJECTIVES
Required Reading:
World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987) pp. 43-66
Canada, Report of the National Task Force on Environment and the Economy, (Toronto: Canadian Council of Resource and Environment Ministers, 1987)
Bruce Mitchell, "The Evolution of Integrated Resource Management" in Reg Lang, Integrated Approaches to Resource Planning and Management (Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 1986) pp. 13-26
Recommended Reading:
Michael Howlett, "The Round Table Experience: Representation and Legitimacy in Canadian Environmental Policy-Making" in Queen's Quarterly 97(4) 1990 pp. 580-601
I.D. Thompson, "The Myth of Integrated Wildlife/Forestry Management" in Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Toronto: Copp Clark, 1995) pp. 213-224
George Hoberg and Kathyrn Harrison, "'It's Not Easy Being Green": The Politics of Canada's Green Plan" in Canadian Public Policy 20(2) 1994 pp. 114-137
WEEK IX - SEMINARS (I): FISH
Government Documents and Summaries:
Canada, Turning the Tide: A New Policy for Canada's Pacific Fishery, (Ottawa: Ministry of Supply and Services, 1982)
Canada, Navigating Troubled Waters: A New Policy for the Atlantic Fisheries, (Ottawa: Ministry of Supply and Services, 1982)
Senate of Canada, The Marketing of Fisheries in Canada: An Interim Report on the Freshwater Fisheries, (Ottawa; Ministry of Supply and Services, 1986)
British Columbia, Aquaculture and the Administration of Coastal Resources in British Columbia (Victoria: Office of the Ombudsman, 1988) pp. 1-68
Secondary Sources:
A. Rugman and A. Anderson, "A Fishy Business: The Abuse of American Trade Law in the Atlantic Groundfish Case of 1985-1986" in Canadian Public Policy 13(2) 1987 pp. 152-164
Leslie Harris, "The East Coast Fisheries" in Bruce Mitchell ed. Resource and Environmental Management in Canada (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) pp. 130-150
Richard K. Paisley, "The Fishing Industry" in Geoffrey Thompson, Moira L. McConnell and Lynne B. Huestis, eds. Environmental Law and Business in Canada (Aurora: Canada Law Book Inc, 1993) pp. 523-537
A. Paul Pross and Susan McCorquodale, "The State, Interests, and Policy-Making in the East Coast Fishery" in William D. Coleman and Grace Skogstad eds. Policy Communities and Public Policy in Canada: A Structural Approach (Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman, 1990) pp. 34-58
WEEK X - SEMINARS (II): ENERGY
Government Documents and Summaries:
Canada, The National Energy Program, (Ottawa: Energy, Mines and Resources, 1980)
Canada, Energy and Canadians Into the 21st Century (Ottawa: Energy, Mines and Resources, 1988)
Economic Council of Canada, Blue Gold: Hydro-Electric Rents in Canada (Ottawa: Ministry of Supply and Services, 1984)
Secondary Sources:
Glen Toner, "Stardust: The Tory Energy Program" in Michael J. Prince ed., How Ottawa Spends 1986-1987: Tracking the Tories (Toronto: Methuen, 1986) pp. 119-148
Christopher Armstrong and H.V. Nelles, Monopoly's Moment: The Origin and Regulation of Canadian Utilities 1830-1930 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986)
J.B. Robinson, "Pendulum Policy: Natural Gas Forecasts and Canadian Energy Policy, 1969-1981" in Canadian Journal of Political Science, 16(2) 1983 pp. 299-320
Patricia A. Rowbotham and Nigel Bankes, "The Oil and Gas Industry: Some Current Problems in Environmental Law" in Geoffrey Thompson, Moira L. McConnell and Lynne B. Huestis, eds. Environmental Law and Business in Canada (Aurora: Canada Law Book Inc, 1993) pp. 543-569
Virginia W. Maclaren, "Redrawing the Canadian Energy Map" in J. Britton ed., Canada and the Global Economy (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996) pp. 137-154
WEEK XI - SEMINARS (III): MINERALS
Government Documents and Summaries:
Canada, The Mineral and Metal Policy of the Government of Canada, (Ottawa: Energy, Mines, and Resources, 1987)
Canada, Mineral Policy: A Discussion Paper, (Ottawa: Energy, Mines and Resources, 1982)
M.J. Wojciechowski, Federal Mineral Policy 1945-1975 (Kingston: Queens University Centre for Resource Studies, 1979)
Secondary Sources:
W. Clement, Hard-Rock Mining, (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1981)
G. Stevenson, "The Process of Making Mineral Policy in Canada" in Carl Beigie and Alfred Hero eds., Natural Resources in Canada-U.S. Relations - Volume I, (Boulder: Westview, 1980) pp. 167-202
P.B. Hale, "Canada's Offshore Non-Fuel Mineral Resources: Opportunities for Development" in Marine Mining, 6 1987 pp. 89-103
Michael J. Hardin, "Mining and the Environment" in Geoffrey Thompson, Moira L. McConnell and Lynne B. Huestis, eds. Environmental Law and Business in Canada (Aurora: Canada Law Book Inc, 1993) pp.455-478
Iain Wallace, "Restructuring inn the Canadian Mining and Mineral-Processing Industries" in J. Britton ed., Canada and the Global Economy (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996) pp. 123-136
Paul Harker, "Energy and Minerals in Canada" in Bruce Mitchell ed. Resource and Environmental Management in Canada (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995) pp. 286-309
P.J. Carragata, Natural Resources and International Bargaining Power: Canada's Mineral Policy Options (Kingston: Queens University Centre for Resource Studies, 1984)
Mary Louise McAllister, and Cynthia Alexander A Stake in the Future : Redefining the Canadian Mineral Industry, (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1997)
WEEK XII - SEMINARS (IV): FORESTS
Government Documents and Summaries:
Canada, A National Forest Sector Strategy, (Ottawa: Canadian Council of Forest Ministers, 1987)
Canadian Council of Forest Ministers Sustainable Forests: A Canadian Commitment (Ottawa: Canadian Council of Forest Ministers, 1992)
Woodbridge, Reed and Associates, Canada's Forest Industry: The Next Twenty Years: Prospects and Priorities - Strategic Analysis, (Ottawa: Canadian Forestry Service, 1988)
Secondary Sources:
Robert Repetto, "Overview" in R. Repetto and M. Gillis eds., Public Policies and the Misuse of Forest Resources (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988) pp. 1-42
Michael Percy and Christian Yoder, The Softwood Lumber Dispute and Canada-U.S. Trade in Natural Resources (Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy, 1987)
Monique Ross, Forest Management in Canada, (Calgary: Canadian Institute for Resources Law, 1995)
David Vanderzwaag and Brenda McLuhan, "Pulp and Paper Pollution: Shifting Legal Approaches and the Search for Sustainable Industries" in Geoffrey Thompson, Moira L. McConnell and Lynne B. Huestis, eds. Environmental Law and Business in Canada (Aurora: Canada Law Book Inc, 1993) pp. 479-521
Patricia Marchak, Logging the Globe (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1995)
F.J. Anderson and R.D. Cairns, "The Soft-Wood Lumber Agreement and Resource Politics" in Canadian Public Policy, 14 (2) 1988 pp. 186-196
Roger Hayter, "Technological Imperative in Resource Sectors: Forest Products" in J. Britton ed., Canada and the Global Economy (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996) pp. 101-122
WEEK XIII - CONCLUSION AND PAPERS DUE
EXAM: April 10, 1999 3:30-6:30 Rm: TBA