Military Technology 1590 2010 years 25 D24747 Weaponry 999900 Political 99FF00 Communications 009933 Mobility A6A7D7 Computing link link link source D6D6D6 6C6C6C 006666 San-Serif www.blox.ca
no Electricity null key 0 1752 null main no null null null http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/timeline_text.html http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1752: Benjamin Franklin finds electricity in lightening while flying a kite in a storm. Benjamin Franklin's electricity experiments lead him to a valuable application -- the lightning rod, which when placed at the apex of a barn, church steeple, or other structure, conducts lightning bolts harmlessly into the ground. no Interchangeable Parts null book 0 1797 null main no null null null null http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/timeline_text.html 1797 Interchangeable Parts Eli Whitney contracts to manufacture 10,000 muskets for the U.S. Army. At the time, an entire musket would be made by a single person, without standardized measurements. Whitney divided the labor into several discrete steps and standardized parts to make them interchangeable. no Luddite revolt http://www.mindfully.org/Reform/Luddite-History1.gif star 0 1811 null main no http://www.mindfully.org/Reform/Luddite-History1.gif null null http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/luddite.html http://www.computer.org/computer/timeline/timeline.pdf Luddites destroy machinery that threatens to eliminate jobs. no Ironclads null star 0 1862 null main no null null null null http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/timeline_text.html 1862 Battle of the Ironclads For the first time, two armored ships battle each other at sea. The Union Monitor, designed from scratch by John Ericsson, features a two-cannon revolving turret and eight-inch plate armor. The Confederate Merrimac, a wooden hulled ship hastily outfitted with iron plates, holds it own against the Monitor. The two battle to a draw. no X-rays http://www.xray.hmc.psu.edu/rci/ss1/img0009_small.JPG bulb 0 1895 null main no http://www.xray.hmc.psu.edu/rci/ss1/img0009_small.JPG http://www.xray.hmc.psu.edu/rci/ss1/ss1_2.html null null http://web.em.doe.gov/timeline/pre40s.html Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays. While studying the luminescence (light) produced by cathode rays, Roentgen had placed a cathode ray tube in a box in a darkened room. (A cathode ray tube is a vacuum tube in which a cathode, or negatively charged electrode, sends out a stream of electrons.) A sheet of paper coated with a barium compound happened to be near the box. Roentgen noticed that when the tube was switched on in the closed box, the paper glowed brilliantly. He concluded that some sort of ray had penetrated the box and caused the paper to glow. Because he didn't know what they were or where they came from, he called them x-rays (x for unknown). He also noticed the rays caused photographic plates, even when wrapped in paper, to darken or fog. This led him to take x-ray photographs of objects such as his hand. The photographs revealed the inner structure of the objects. The world immediately appreciated the medical potential of x-rays. X-rays revolutionized medicine because they enabled doctors to see the interior of the body without surgery. Within five years of the discovery, for example, the British Army began using a mobile x-ray unit to locate bullets and shrapnel in wounded soldiers in the Sudan. no E=MC2 http://www.atomicmuseum.com/tour/photos/einstein.jpg bulb 0 1905 null main no http://www.atomicmuseum.com/tour/photos/einstein.jpg null null null http://web.em.doe.gov/timeline/pre40s.html Albert Einstein developed a theory about the relationship of mass and energy. The formula, E=mc[2], is probably the most famous outcome from Einstein's special theory of relativity. The formula says energy (E) equals mass (m) times the speed of light (c) squared. In essence, it means mass is just one form of energy. Since the speed of light squared is an enormous number (186,000 miles per second)[2], a small amount of mass can be converted to a phenomenal amount of energy. Or, if there's a lot of energy available, some energy can be converted to mass and a new particle can be created. Nuclear reactors, for instance, work because nuclear reactions convert small amounts of mass into large amounts of energy. no Einsteins letter null star 1 1939 null main no null null null null http://web.em.doe.gov/timeline/pre40s.html On August 2, Albert Einstein sent a letter to President Roosevelt informing him of German atomic research and the potential for a bomb: "Some recent work...leads me to expect that the element uranium may be turned into a new and important source of energy in the immediate future...that it may become possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium, by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of new radium-like elements would be generated.... This new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bombs, and it is conceivable -- though much less certain -- that extremely powerful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed. A single bomb of this type...might very well destroy the whole port together with some of the surrounding territory." Einstein drafted the letter with the help of Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard, one of many scientists who had fled Europe to escape Nazi and Fascist repression. Szilard was a vocal advocate of a U.S. program to develop bombs based on the latest findings in nuclear physics. In the letter, they encouraged Roosevelt to fund American atomic research. This letter prompted Roosevelt to form a special committee to investigate the military implications of atomic research. Roosevelt approved uranium research in the United States in October 1939. This was the first decision among many that led to establishment of the Manhattan Project (see September 1942). no Pearl Harbour null star 1 1941 null main no null null null null http://web.em.doe.gov/timeline/the40s.html On the morning of December 7, 1941, Japanese forces launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Nineteen U.S. ships were sunk or damaged, and 3,000 Americans lost their lives. Japan also attacked Guam, Wake Island, the Philippines, and other strategic points in the Pacific at the same time Pearl Harbor was attacked. In his address to a stunned nation, President Roosevelt called December 7 "a date that will live in infamy." On December 8, the U.S. Congress declared war against Japan. Two days after Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt told the nation, "We are going to win the war, and we are going to win the peace that follows." no Atomic Bomb null star 0 1945 null main no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1945: July 15, 1945 - First successful test of an Atomic Bomb in New Mexico 1945: August 6, 1945 - The first Atomic Bomb is exploded on Hiroshima Japan. no Sputnik launch http://www.piedmontcommunities.us/go/628/FSLO-1052171496-607628.jpeg star 0 1957 main no http://www.piedmontcommunities.us/go/628/FSLO-1052171496-607628.jpeg http://www.piedmontcommunities.us/servlet/go_ProcServ/dbpage=page&gid=01326001151051646136895150 http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history.shtml The USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite. In response,the United States forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within theDepartment of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military. no Moon Landing http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/gallery/2003/06/12/moon.jpg star 0 1969 main no http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/gallery/2003/06/12/moon.jpg http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/timeline_text.html 1969 Moon Landing Millions watch worldwide as the landing module of NASA's Apollo 11 spacecraft touches down on the moon's surface and Neil Armstrong becomes the first human to set foot on the moon. President John F. Kennedy, who vowed to the world that the United States would put a human on the moon before 1970, has not lived to witness the moment. no " Internet " book 0 1974 main no http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history2.shtml First Use of term Internet by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in paper on Transmission Control Protocol. no Gulf War http://www.vancouver.wsu.edu/fac/kendrick/images/bomb2.jpg bomb 0 1991 main no http://www.vancouver.wsu.edu/fac/kendrick/images/bomb2.jpg http://www.digitaljournalist.org/issue0212/pt_index.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/weapons/gps.html
no Ballistic pendulum bomb 0 1742 sub1 no http://www.asme.org/history/brochures/h080.pdf http://www.warscholar.com/Year/TechnologyOutline.html 1742 Ballisitic pendulum invented. This gave gunners the ability to measure the power of a given quantity of gunpowder. no Cannon barrels null bomb 0 1750 null sub1 no null null null null http://www.warscholar.com/Year/TechnologyOutline.html 1750 Some foundries could cast cannon barrels as solid pieces and bore them out. This made cannons more accurate. no Exploding canister null bomb 0 1803 null sub1 no null null null null http://www.warscholar.com/Year/TechnologyOutline.html 1803 First use of the exploding canister shell invented by Henry Shrapnel. no Revolver http://www.emf-company.com/images3/1836-patterson.jpg bomb 0 1836 null sub1 no http://www.emf-company.com/images3/1836-patterson.jpg null null null http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/timeline_text.html To finance the development of his "six shooter," Samuel Colt traveled the lecture circuit, giving demonstrations of laughing gas. Colt's new weapon failed to catch on, and he went bankrupt in 1842 at age 28. He reorganized and sold his first major order to the War Department during the Mexican War in 1846, and went on to become rich. no Repeating Rifle null bomb 0 1860 null sub1 no null null null null http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/timeline_text.html B. Tyler Henry, chief designer for Oliver Fisher Winchester's arms company, adapts a breech-loading rifle invented by Walter B. Hunt and creates a new lever action repeating rifle. First known as the Henry, the rifle will soon be famous as simply the Winchester. no Dynamite null bomb 0 1867 null sub1 no null null null null http://www.warscholar.com/Year/TechnologyOutline.html 1867 Dynamite invented by Alfred Nobel. no Solid propellant rockets bomb 0 1918 sub1 no http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML 1918 Nov 7, Goddard demonstrated tube-launched solid propellant rockets. (MC, 11/7/01) no SA-2 missile null bomb 0 1975 null sub1 no null null null null http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML 1975 By the end of the Vietnam war, Vietnamese SA-2 missile effectiveness had been reduced to a kill-ratio of less than 2 percent. Elint: Electronic Intelligence collected information on and analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of all forms of hostile electronic transmissions. Focusing on the "Fan Song" radar system that acquired targets for and then guided the dreaded SA-2 SAM, Elint was able to identify four key weakness that pilots could use to defeat the missile. (HNQ, 11/23/01) no US anti-missile null bomb 0 2001 null sub1 no null null null null http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML 2001 Dec 3, A test US anti-missile launched from Kwajalein atoll in the Marshall Islands successfully hit a dummy warhead from Vandenberg Air Base in California, 4,800 miles away. (SFC, 12/4/01, p.A4) no U.S. patent system null star 0 1790 null sub2 no null null null null http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML 1790 Apr 10, U.S. patent system was established. The Patent Board was made up of the Secretary of State, Secretary of War and the Attorney General and was responsible for granting patents on "useful and important" inventions. In the first three years, 47 patents were granted. (HN, 4/10/98)(HNQ, 8/6/99) no Manhattan Project null book 0 1942 null sub2 no null null null null http://www.warscholar.com/Year/TechnologyOutline.html 1942 U.S. Manhattan Project begins in order to develop the first atomic bomb. The anti-tank rocket, or bazooka, is invented. Before the bazooka, only anti-tank grenades or "elephant guns" would damage well-armored tanks but even these performed poorly. Aircraft carriers become the major offensive arm of the Navy. no nuclear weapons null book 0 1945 null sub2 no null null null null http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML 1945 Jun, James Franck, head of a group of scientists in the study of the social and political implications of nuclear weapons, delivered the report to Washington directed to Sec. of War Henry L. Stimson. (SFEM, 7/30/00, p.16) no Nuclear power plant null bomb 1 1957 null sub2 no null null null null http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML 1957 Apr 29, The 1st military nuclear power plant was dedicated at Fort Belvoir, Va. (MC, 4/29/02) no DARPA null star 1 1958 null sub2 no null null null null http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML 1958 The US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) was formed in response to the Soviet launch of Sputnik. (SFC, 5/26/03, p.B1) no NASA null star 1 1958 null sub2 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1958: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) is founded. no RAND null book 0 1962 null sub2 no null null null null http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history.shtml RAND Paul Baran, of the RAND Corporation (a government agency), was commissioned by the U.S. Air Force to do a study on how it could maintain its command and control over its missiles and bombers, after a nuclear attack. This was to be a military research network that could survive a nuclear strike, decentralized so that if any locations (cities) in the U.S. were attacked, the military could still have control of nuclear arms for a counter-attack. Baran's finished document described several ways to accomplish this. His final proposal was a packet switched network. "Packet switching is the breaking down of data into datagrams or packets that are labeled to indicate the origin and the destination of the information and the forwarding of these packets from one computer to another computer until the information arrives at its final destination computer. This was crucial to the realization of a computer network. If packets are lost at any given point, the message can be resent by the originator." no ARPANET null bulb 0 1969 null sub2 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html In 1969 the US Government, DoD (Department of Defense to be specific) developed ARPANET. They use this technology to allow various computers within different sections of the military and government that work on different systems to share information with one another. This is the first network. By the end of 1969, four host computers were connected together into the initial ARPANET. These computers were located at 4 colleges: UCLA, Stanford, University of California, and University of Utah. Within 2 years, there were 23 nodes of this network including MIT, NASA, and Harvard. The beginning of the Internet was seen by 1971. By 1972, ARPA is renamed DARPA. 1969: Man first walks on the moon when astronaut Neil Armstrong sets foot on the lunar surface on July 20, 1969 no MILNET and ARPANET null star 0 1984 null sub2 no null null null null http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history3.shtml The ARPANET was divided into two networks: MILNET and ARPANET. MILNET was to serve the needs of the military and ARPANET to support the advanced research component, Department of Defense continued to support both networks. Upgrade to CSNET was contracted to MCI. New circuits would be T1 lines,1.5 Mbps which is twenty-five times faster than the old 56 Kbps lines. IBM would provide advanced routers and Merit would manage the network. New network was to be called NSFNET (National Science Foundation Network), and old lines were to remain called CSNET. no Telescope null bulb 0 1608 null sub3 no null null null null http://www.warscholar.com/Year/TechnologyOutline.html no Workable Telegraph null bulb 0 1837 null sub3 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1837 Samuel Morse invented the first workable telegraph, no Laws of thought null book 0 1854 null sub3 no null null null null http://www.computer.org/computer/timeline/timeline.pdf George Boole publishes "an investigation of the Laws of Thought", describing a system for symbolic and logical reasoning that will become the basis for computer design. no Telephone null bulb 1 1876 null sub3 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1876: Alexander Gram Bell invents the first telephone on March 10, 1876. no Phonograph null bulb 1 1877 null sub3 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1876 - 1877: Thomas Alva Edison invents the first phonograph. no "Movie" camera null bulb 0 1891 null sub3 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1891 Thomas Alva Edison invented and patented the first motion picture camera no Radio signals null bulb 0 1895 null sub3 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1895: Guglielmo Marconi sends and receives the first radio signals in Italy. Marconi becomes the inventor of the modern day radio. no Enigma http://www.math.luc.edu/~van/cs211/lect22/enigma.gif bulb 0 1916 null sub3 no http://www.math.luc.edu/~van/cs211/lect22/enigma.gif http://www.ieee.org/organizations/history_center/cht_papers/wesolkowski.pdf http://www.srcf.ucam.org/~rmf33/ns_enigma.htm null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1916: Enigma is created to encode messages at the end of WW I One of the milestones in the history of cryptology is the invention of an electro-mechanical cryptographic system called Enigma (see Figure 1). The concept on which it was based was introduced in 1915 by the American Edward Hebern (Harper, 1999). Hebern devised a machinegenerated code by adapting a newly produced electric typewriter. The letters in the new machines were rearranged so that the printed letters would be different from the letters on the keyboard. He simply replaced one letter with another so that the word CRYPTOGRAPHY would be printed FGTDAEJGYDWT. This operation was of course easily reversible with an appropriate set of switches. However, code generated using this type of machine was easy to decode since all Western languages have a characteristic repetition rate of letters, whatever the text, and could be broken using frequency analysis. Hebern realised this and devised another machine with rotors, which switched the connections of the electronic typewriter each time a key was pressed (Harper, 1999). Hebern eventually sold this patented Electric Coding Machine to the US Navy in 19281. no T.V. broadcast null bomb 0 1922 null sub3 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1922: First successful test of a television broadcast using a Naval Station to broadcast on October 3rd. no RADAR null circle 0 1934 null sub3 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1934: The term RADAR is coined, RAdio Detection And Ranging. no Television http://www.mztv.com/worldfairtvs/images/phantom.JPG bulb 0 1939 null sub3 no http://www.mztv.com/worldfairtvs/images/phantom.JPG null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1939: First television debuts at Worlds Fair. no Radar contact with Moon null bomb 0 1946 null sub3 no null null null null http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML 1946 Jan 10, US Army established the 1st radar contact with Moon from Belmar, NJ. (MC, 1/10/02) no high-res satellite http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/nsidc0118_greenland_disp/images/DISP62_300x500.jpg bulb 0 1962 null sub3 no http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/nsidc0118_greenland_disp/images/DISP62_300x500.jpg null http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/nsidc0118_greenland_disp.gd.html http://www.space.com/news/secret_sat_021113.html http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/nsidc0118_greenland_disp.gd.html Flying from July 1963 to June 1967, the KH-7 -- carrying special Kodak-built camera gear -- became the intelligence community's first high-resolution imaging satellite. This spacecraft series was successful on 34 of 38 missions, with 30 satellites returning film. The General Electric-built KH-7 was boosted into orbit atop rocketry produced by Lockheed. The whole program was managed by the Air Force component of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO). no E-mail null bomb 2 1972 null sub3 no null null null null http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history.shtml The first e-mail program was created by Ray Tomlinson of BBN. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was renamed The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (or DARPA) ARPANET was currently using the Network Control Protocol or NCP to transfer data. This allowed communications between hosts running on the same network. no TCP/IP null bomb 2 1973 null sub3 no null null null null http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history.shtml Development began on the protocol later to be called TCP/IP, it was developed by a group headed by Vinton Cerf from Stanford and Bob Kahn from DARPA. This new protocol was to allow diverse computer networks to interconnect and communicate with each other. no Internet Activities Board circle 0 1983 sub3 no http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history2.shtml Internet Activities Board (IAB) was created in 1983. On January 1st, every machine connected to ARPANET had to use TCP/IP. TCP/IP became the core Internet protocol and replaced NCP entirely. The University of Wisconsin created Domain Name System (DNS). This allowed packets to be directed to a domain name, which would be translated by the server database into the corresponding IP number. This made it much easier for people to access other servers, because they no longer had to remember numbers. no Internet Worm null bomb 3 1988 null sub3 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1988: The first "Internet Worm" is released by Robert Morris Jr. This affects about 6,000 of the 60,000 hosts on the Internet, and DARPA creates CERT (Computer Emergency Response Team) to respond to threats to the Internet. no WWW null bulb 3 1989 null sub3 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1989: The "WWW" is invented by Tim Berners-Lee, text only version, but allows hyper-links. no Hubble Telescope http://astro.ysc.go.jp/hubble.jpg star 3 1990 null sub3 no http://astro.ysc.go.jp/hubble.jpg http://hubble.nasa.gov/ null null http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/timeline_text.html 1990 Hubble Telescope The space shuttle Discovery deploys the Hubble Space telescope 350 miles above the Earth. Although initial flaws limit its capabilities, the Hubble will be responsible for numerous discoveries and advances in the understanding of space. no Steam tricycle http://inventors.about.com/library/graphics/cugnot.jpg bulb 0 1769 null sub4 no http://inventors.about.com/library/graphics/cugnot.jpg http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aacarssteama.htm null null http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML 1769 Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, a French military engineer, invented an ungainly, steam-powered tricycle and practical steam locomotives and steamboats appeared early in the next century, eventually superceded by the internal combustion engine. (HNQ, 1/18/01) no 1st submarine http://www.auburn.edu/student_info/trident/history/turtle.gif bomb 0 1775 null sub4 no http://www.auburn.edu/student_info/trident/history/turtle.gif null null http://www.ctrivermuseum.org/subhistory.htm http://myron.sjsu.edu/caesars/MILITARY.HTM 1775 First submarine used in war. In 1777, The submarine Turtle was built by American inventor John Bushnell and operated by Sergeant Ezra Lee. It carried an explosive device designed to blow a hole in the hull of an enemy ship. Bushnell had attached an auger to the Turtle which was operated by a crank from the inside. The idea was to drill a hole in the enemy hull and attach the bomb, which would be given a long enough fuse to allow the little sub to get away safely. The bomb worked fine on its first trial, scaring the crew of the British frigate Eagle out of their wits. The auger and drill did not, however, and the bomb exploded noisily but harmlessly on the surface. The frigate's copper sheathed bottom, intended to protect the ship from teredo worms, was too hard for the drill to penetrate. no Demolos http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/technology/techtimeline/images/1813.gif bomb 0 1813 null sub4 no http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/technology/techtimeline/images/1813.gif null null null http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/timeline_text.html Steam power enhances military power. Robert Fulton's "Demolos" sails. At 140 ft. in length, it carries a thirty 32-pound cannon. no Horseshoe machine null bulb 0 1835 null sub4 no null null null null http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML 1835 Nov 23, Henry Burden invented the first machine for manufacturing horseshoes. He then made most of the horseshoes for the Union Cavalry in the Civil War. Burden patented a horseshoe manufacturing machine in Troy, NY. (SFC, 7/13/96, p.E3)(MC, 11/23/01) no Barbed Wire null bulb 0 1867 null sub4 no null null null null http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/timeline_text.html Lucien B. Smith of Kent, Ohio, invents the product that will close down the open cattle ranges by closing in cattle onto individual plots of privately owned land. I.L. Ellwood and Company's Glidden Steel Barb Wire will dominate the market; by 1890 the open range will be only a memory. no Electric Motor null bulb 0 1879 null sub4 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1879: Thomas Alva Edison creates the first electric motor, and 110 volts becomes the future from which so many of our devices take for granted today. no "Airplane" flight null bulb 0 1903 null sub4 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1903: Wright Brother complete first 'airplane' flight on December 17 no Electric warship null bomb 0 1918 null sub4 no null null null null http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML 1918 May 20, The 1st electrically propelled warship (New Mexico). (MC, 5/20/02) no Jeep null bulb 0 1940 null sub4 no null null null null http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/timeline_text.html Karl K. Pabst of the Bantam Car. Co., Butler, Pennsylvania, produces a four-wheel drive vehicle that will become famous as the jeep. Given its name by its military designation, G.P., or general purpose, the jeep will be used for numerous transport applications throughout World War II, and will become a popular domestic vehicle after the war. no Helicopters at war null bomb 0 1944 null sub4 no null null null null http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML 1944 Jan 2, The 1st use of helicopters during warfare was by a British Atlantic patrol. (MC, 1/2/02) no Nuclear Submarine null bomb 0 1955 null sub4 no null null null null http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/timeline_text.html 1955 Nuclear Submarine The Nautilus, the first nuclear submarine, revolutionizes naval warfare. Conventional submarines need two engines: a diesel engine to travel on the surface and an electric engine to travel submerged, where oxygen for a diesel engine is not available. The Nautilus, the first nuclear sub, can travel many thousands of miles below the surface with a single fuel charge. no SeaLab null bomb 0 1964 null sub4 no null null null null http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML 1964 The US navy began its SeaLab experiments. SeaLab I was lowered off the coast of Bermuda to see if divers could be sustained on a helium-oxygen mix. The trial ended after 11 days. [see 1965, 1969] (SFC, 3/29/02, p.A2) no Helicopter with HMD null bomb 0 1967 null sub4 no null null null http://www.sun.com/960710/feature3/alice.html http://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/lizzy/timeline.html#1967a 1967 (F) Bell Helicopter experiments with HMDs with input from servo-controlled cameras [Bell Helicopter] Bell Helicopter Company performed several early camera-based augmented-reality systems. In one, the head-mounted display was coupled with an infrared camera that would give military helicopter pilots the ability to land at night in rough terrain. An infrared camera, which moved as the pilot's head moved, was mounted on the bottom of a helicopter. The pilot's field of view was that of the camera. See http://www.sun.com/960710/feature3/alice.html for more details. no Space Shuttle http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-112/med/02pp1478.jpg bulb 0 1981 null sub4 no http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-112/med/02pp1478.jpg http://history.nasa.gov/sts1/index.html null null http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/timeline_text.html For the first time, NASA successfully launches and lands its reusable spacecraft, the Space Shuttle. The shuttle can be used for a number of applications, including launch, retrieval, and repair of satellites and as a laboratory for physical experiments. While extremely successful, the shuttle program will suffer a disaster in 1986 when the shuttle Challenger explodes after takeoff, killing all on board. no Logarithm null book 0 1614 null sub5 no null null null null http://www.ox.compsoc.net/~swhite/history/timeline.html Scotsman John Napier (1550-1617) published a paper outlining his discovery of the logarithm. Napier also invented an ingenious system of moveable rods (referred to as Napier's Rods or Napier's bones). These allowed the operator to multiply, divide and calculate square and calculate cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them in specially constructed boards. no Slide Rule null bulb 0 1621 null sub5 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1621: William Oughtred used Scottish mathematician John Napier's logarithms to develop the first slide rule. no Calculator null bulb 0 1642 null sub5 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1642: Blaise Pascal developed a machine with gears and cranks that was able to calculate the addition of numbers, perhaps this was the father of the first calculator no Pendulum Clock null bulb 0 1656 null sub5 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1656: First Pendulum clock created by Christiaan Huygens, a Dutch scientist no Mechanical calulator null bulb 0 1666 null sub5 no null null null null http://www.computer.org/computer/timeline/timeline.pdf Samuel Morland produces a mechanical calulator that can add and subtract no Spring Clock null bulb 0 1675 null sub5 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1675: First Spring clock is created by Christiaan Huygens, a Dutch scientist. no Difference engine null book 0 1786 null sub5 no null null null null http://www.computer.org/computer/timeline/timeline.pdf J.H. Mueller envisions a "difference engine" but cannot get the funds to build it. no Punchchcard looms null square 0 1801 null sub5 no null null null null http://www.computer.org/computer/timeline/timeline.pdf A linked sequence of punched cards controls the weaving of patterns in Joseph-Marie Jacquard's loom no Charles Babbage null bulb 0 1822 1833 sub5 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1822, Charles Babbage begins working on a mechanical device that was far superior to the Pascal machine, but lacking the resources to build such a device, construction is never completed. 1833, Charles Babbage stopped work on his mechanical calculator it to move on to another project that would calculate 'yes / no' analytical or conditional functions beyond simple addition. This system was designed to use 'holes punched in paper' as a method of input, but the device was never built beyond the 'plans' to develop it. These were the first plans developed for a logical calculating computer. no Radium/ Polonium. null book 0 1898 null sub5 no null null null null http://web.em.doe.gov/timeline/pre40s.html Marie and Pierre Curie discovered the radioactive elements radium and polonium. Before this discovery, uranium and thorium were the only known radioactive elements. While studying uranium minerals. Marie Curie noticed two minerals were much more radioactive than uranium itself. She and her husband, Pierre, chemically separated the compounds in the minerals and found a substance 400 times more radioactive than uranium. Marie named this substance polonium, after her native country of Poland. The Curies also found one of the uranium minerals contained another element more radioactive than uranium. They named this element radium. The Curies won the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics for these discoveries. Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1910 for obtaining elemental radium in the metallic state. She was the first person to win the Nobel Prize twice. Soon after the Curies' discoveries, other scientists discovered the radioactive element actinium. By 1912, thirty radioactive elements had been discovered. no First "movie null bulb 0 1903 null sub5 no null null null null http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/tech_history.html 1903: First "movie", the first projection film with a plot is played when the 10 minute movie "The Great Train Robbery" is released. no Plutonium null book 0 1940 null sub5 no null null null null http://www.warscholar.com/Year/TechnologyOutline.html 1940 Plutonium is discovered. no Student Electronic Notebook null book 0 1990 null sub5 no null null null null http://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/lizzy/timeline.html#1967a 1990 (C) Gerald Maguire and John Ioannidis demonstrate the Student Electronic Notebook, with Private Eye and mobile IP [Columbia] The IBM/Columbia Student Electronic Notebook Project used Toshiba diskless AIX notebook computers (prototypes) using direct sequence spread spectrum radio links to provide, the providing all the usual TCP/IP based services, NFS mounted file systems, X windows and a stylus based input systems + virtual keyboard, and running the Andrew environment. The work was first shown at the DARPA Workshop on Personal Computer Systems, Washington, D.C., 18 January 1990, and first published in J. Peter Bade, G.Q. Maguire Jr., and David F. Bantz, The IBM/Columbia Student Electronic Notebook Project, IBM, T. J. Watson Research Lab., Yorktown Heights, NY, 29 June 1990 no Smart Modules Program null book 1 1994 null sub5 no null null null http://web-ext2.darpa.mil/ETO/SmartMod/index.html http://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/lizzy/timeline.html#1967a 1994 (F) DARPA starts Smart Modules Program DARPA starts Smart Modules Program to develop a modular, humionic approach to wearable and carryable computers. Develops a variety of products including computers, radios, navigation systems, human-computer interfaces, etc. that have both military and commercial use. See http://web-ext2.darpa.mil/ETO/SmartMod/index.html no AINS null bomb 1 1996 null sub5 no null null null http://www.onr.navy.mil/default.asp http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,54728,00.html Allen Moshfegh at the Office of Naval Research is the head of the Autonomous Intelligent Network and Systems (AINS), a program that aims to create an operational drone army by the year 2020. Initiated in 1996 -- and based on a humble spy plane originally used for tracking whales at sea -- researchers are attempting to make this science-fiction scenario a reality. The project has an annual budget of roughly $6 million. Given more aggressive development and increased funding, Moshfegh believes that the technology could be functional well before that date. no Wearables in 2005 null book 1 1996 null sub5 no null null null null http://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/lizzy/timeline.html#1996a 1996 (F) DARPA sponsors "Wearables in 2005" workshop This July, 1996 workshop brought together industrial, university and military visionaries to work on the common theme of delivering computing to the individual. no World War 1 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwone/images/summary_q11681_menin_trenches.jpg range 0 1914 1918 main no http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwone/images/summary_q11681_menin_trenches.jpg null null http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwone/summary_01.shtml http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/timeline_text.html U.S. troops arrive on the battlefields of Europe, where new technologies have created the bloodiest conflict in history. Armored tanks, machine guns, poisonous gas, submarines and airplanes will force military commanders to rethink traditional strategies of war. no World War II http://www.worldwar-2.net/world-war-2-photo.JPG range 0 1939 1945 main no http://www.worldwar-2.net/world-war-2-photo.JPG null null null http://www.worldwar-2.net/index.htm World War 2 started nearly 65 years ago on September 1st 1939, when Germany invaded Poland without warning. By the evening of September 3rd, Britain and France were at war with Germany and within a week, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and South Africa had also joined the war. The world had been plunged into a second world war in 25 years. World War 2 lasted for 6 long and bloody years and was eventually to involve every major world power and cost the lives of some 60 million people. 81