Theories of Modernity What is modernity? Let's look at art... P. P. Rubens, _The Consequences of War_ (1637-8) P. Picasso, _Guernica_ (1937) C. D. Friedrich, _Hunter ["Chasseur"] in the Forest_ (ca.1814) J. Beuys, _How to Explain Paintings to a Dead Hare_ (1965) Different Theories of Modernity 1. Economics Karl Marx (1818-1883) Adam Smith (1723-1790) 2. Relgion secularization rationalization Max Weber (1864-1920) 3. Politics 4. Environment 5. Culture murder nose-blowing 6. Race 7. Idealist approaches 8. Demographics mortality rate birth rate rectangularization 9. Global approach Anthony Giddens (1938-) Conclusions? "modernization theory" periodization exceptions Epilogue: Mohammed Ali in Egypt (see last week's outline)