English 808

M. Linley
Fall 2000

Timeline

1660-1685 Reign of Charles II

1660 - the Restoration

1662 - the Royal Society is incorporated

1668 - triple alliance formed against France
- Dryden created poet laureate for Charles II

1670 - Treaty of Dover signed with France
- Hudson's Bay Company is incorporated

1678 - Popish plot, followed by Exclusion Crisis

1685-1688 Reign of James II
- Dryden converts to Roman Catholicism

1688 - William of Orange lands in England, James II flees abroad
- Dryden remains RC, loses office and pension as a non-juror
- Alexander Pope is born
1689: Battle of Killiecrankie: Jacobites in Highlands defeat Covenanter army Jacobite

1689-1702 Reign of William III (d. 1702) and Mary II (d. 1694)

1689 - grand alliance against France (war ends 1697)

1690 - Irish Jacobites defeated
- Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
- confiscation of land in Ireland, settlement of Scottish Protestant farmers
- William or Orange in Ireland. Battle of the Boyne.

1691 - defeat of Irish Jacobites at Aughrim

1692 - MacDonald clan massacred at Glencoe by troops commanded by Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon
- beginning of the national debt

1693 - founding of the Bank of England

1695 - Company of Scotland Trading to the Indies and Africa set up in Edinburgh, supports specifically Scottish expeditions
- Penal laws restrict rights of Catholics to be educated, to bear arms, and to possess a horse worth more
   than 5 pounds.

1697 - Catholic clergy banished

1701 - Daily Courant a single sheet newspaper begins publication in London

1702-1714 - Reign of Queen Anne

1702 - War of Spanish Succession (ends 1713)

1707 - Act of Union with Scotland

1708 -  Henry Birkhead founds first Professorship of Poetry at Oxford

1709 - Darby invents an iron-smelting process
- Pope's first major publication, The Pastorals

1710 - Copyright becomes effective throughout the United Kingdom

1711 - South Sea Company incorporated

1713 - Treaty of Utrecht awards Britain the triangle trade of goods, slave, and sugar; Pope publishes
Windsor-Forest in praise of the treaty

1714-1727 - Reign of George I, Elector of Hanover

1715-1720 - Pope's translation of The Iliad

1715 - Jacobite rebellion (with Old Pretender, James Stuart)

1719 - Jacobite invasion fails

- Defoe, The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

1719-1720 - Haywood, Love in Excess in 3 parts; Haywood meets Savage

1720 - South Sea bubble bursts

1721: Wood's Halfpence Affair: deep resentment in Ireland at the sale by George I's mistress to a manufacturer,
William Wood, of the right to issue a new copper coinage for Ireland (Swift writes The Drapier's Letters in
response)

1723-1724 - Haywood's Works in 4 volumes

1724 -  Swift's Drapier's Letters regarding copper coinage patent granted to William Wood

c. 1726: John and William Neale's A Collection of the most Celebrated Irish Tunes

1726 - famine in Ireland

1726 - Swift, Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World,..., by Lemuel Gulliver
- General Wade begins 11 years of road construction in Scotland
- Allan Ramsay opens Britain's first circulating library in Edinburgh

1727-1760 - Reign of George II

1728 - Irish Catholics deprived of vote
- first version of Pope's Dunciad
- Act removing franchise from Catholics

1730 - actor, playwright, and manager Colley Cibber is made poet laureate
- Fielding's Author's Farce and Tom Thumb at Haymarket theatre

1732 - founding of Georgia
- Savage's first Volunteer Laureate poem

1733 - Haywood's Opera of Operas, based on Fielding's Tragedy of Tragedies (Tom Thumb)

1735 - Linnaeus, Systema Naturae

1737 - Haywood and Fielding working together at Little Haymarket theatre
- Stage Licensing Act effectively closes down production of new plays

1739 - War of Jenkins' Ear against Spain (becomes War of Austrian Succession, which includes France as
enemy; ends 1748)

1740 - famine in Ireland
- Fielding called to the Bar
- Richardson's Pamela

1741 - Thomson & Arne, Rule Britannia
- Fielding's Shamela

1742 - fourth book of The Dunciad (1743 - The Dunciad, in Four Books)
- Haywood's Anti-Pamela; Fielding's Joseph Andrews
- Handel's Messiah performed in Dublin

1743 - death of Savage

1744 - death of Pope
- publication of Johnson's Life of Savage

1744-1745 - Haywood's Female Spectator periodical

1745 - Jacobite rebellion (with Young Pretender Charles Stuart, "Bonnie Prince Charlie")
- "God save the King" first sung at Drury Lane

1746 - the French take Madras
- Battle of Culloden ends Jacobite rebellion; government seeks eradication of Highland culture

1747 - publication of Johnson's Plan for his dictionary

1747-1748 - Richardson's Clarissa

1748 - Tobias Smollett's Roderick Random published, the first novel to have a Scot as protagonist

1750-1752 - Johnson's Rambler periodical

1755 - the French are expelled from Nova Scotia
- Johnson's Dictionary and award of honourary MA from Oxford

1756 - start of the Seven Years' War (ends 1763); British soldiers put in black hole of Calcutta

1756 - Joseph Warton's Essay on ... Pope, Part 1

1757 - Calcutta recaptured

1758 - Ralph's Case of Authors

1759 - Battle of the Plains of Abraham (Wolfe victorious over Montcalm)
- Young's Conjectures on Original Composition

1760-1820 - Reign of George III

1760 - conquest of Canada is completed
- Macpherson's Fragments of Ancient Poetry

1761 - Macpherson's Fingal

1762 - Macpherson's Temora
- Johnson awarded pension by Crown

1763 - Boswell meets Johnson at 8 Russell St, Covent Garden, a bookshop

1764 - Evan Evans' Some Specimens of the Poetry of the Ancient Welsh Bards. Translated into English.

1765 - Stamp Act is passed
- Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny
- Thomas Percy, Reliques of Ancient English Poetry

- James Watt perfects steam engine

1768 - Sterne, A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy

1769 - Watt's steam engine patented
- Brooke's History of Emily Montague

1772 - Mansfield ruling (Somerset case) effectively ends slavery in England
- Warren Hastings becomes first governor general of Bengal

1773 - Boston Tea Party
- Brooke becomes co-manager of Haymarket Opera House with Mary-Ann Yates

1775 - start of the American Revolution (ends 1783)

1777 - Johnson engaged to write biographical and critical prefaces for 56-volume set of Works of the English
Poets, published by a consortium of 40 booksellers

1778 - France joins American colonies against Britain
- Cook visits Nootka Sound
- Brooke's Excursion
- Burney's Evelina; Burney meets Johnson

1779 - Cook is killed in Hawaii
- Burney writing The Witlings

1781 - Johnson completes prefaces with life of Pope

1782 - Burney's Cecilia
- Ireland given own Parliament

1783 - The North West Company, based in Montreal, is founded (83/84)

1784 - India Act is passed

1786 - Joseph Cooper Walker's Historical Memoirs of the Irish Bards

1788 - Bishop Wilberforce's first attempt to introduce anti-slavery legislation

1789 - start of the French Revolution (ends 1799)
- Mackenzie travels by land to the Pacific Ocean (pub. 1801)
- Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano...
- Charlotte Brooke's Reliques of Irish Poetry

1791 - Fidler spends the winter with the Chipewyans (to 1792; unpub.journal)
- Foundation of United Irishmen (Wolfe Tone)

1792 - Irish Harp Festival held in Belfast (coincided with meeting of United Irishmen)

1793 - Britain enters war against France

  - King Louis XVI executed

1795 - Seditious Meetings and Treasonable Practices Acts are passed

1796 - Edmund Bunting's Ancient Irish Music

1798 - Irish Rebellion begins in Leinster, then Wexford, then Ulster. Tone arrested; commits suicide in prison.

1800 - 1 August: Irish Act of Union
        - Iron hand-press

1804  - Napoleon made Emperor

1807 - slavery abolished in Britain
         - Mechanization of paper making

1811 - Regency begins (Prince of Wales acts for George III)

1814 - First use of steam in printing

1815 - Battle of Waterloo; End of Napoleonic War; Corn Law Passed

1819 - Peterloo Massacre

1821 - Hudson's Bay Company and North West company amalgamate

1822 -  Rudolph Ackermann publishes the Forget-Me-Not, the first English Annual

1826 - Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge

1828 -  Test and Corporation Acts Repealed; First publication of the Keepsake

1829 -  Catholic Emancipation Act

1830 First steam powered railway-Liverpool to Manchester

1832 First Reform Bill

1833 - abolition of slavery in the colonies

1837 -  Queen Victoria's ascension to the throne

1838 -  People's Charter published. Anti-Corn League founded. First regular Atlantic steamship

1839 -  Photography: Louis Daguerre and William Henry Fox Talbot

1841 Tract 90 (end of Tracts for the Times)

1842 -  Ashley's Act. Chadwick Report on Sanitary Condition of Labouring Population. Mudie's Circulating Library founded; Copyright extended to 42 yrs or 7 yrs after dead

1844 Factory Act (women and children)

1846 Repeal of Corn Laws. Commercial telegraph service begins (patented 1837)

1845 Irish famine

1847 Ten Hours Act. First operation using chloroform

1848 Chartist Crisis. Irish Uprising. Revolutions through western Europe. Public Health Act. Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood founded. Christian Socialist Movement begins. Gov't temporarily takes over telegraph system; WH Smith sets up bookstalls in railway stations

1849 Bedford College for Women founded

1850 The Germ

1851 Crystal Palace Exhibition

1854 London Working Men's College founded. Crimean War (1854-56, extensive use of telegraph and photography)

1855 Abolition of Newspaper Tax; Daily Telegraph, first mass circulation daily

1857 Indian Mutiny. Matrimonial Causes Act. Obscene Publications Bill; final publication of the Keepsake

1859 Darwin's Origin of the Species

1861 Removal of duty on paper. American Civil War (1861-65)

1865 Transatlantic cable opened. Antiseptic Surgery

1866 Hyde Park Riots

1867 Second Reform Bill. Fenian Revolt. British North America Act

1868 Abolition of compulsory church rates

1869 Girton College (first woman's college at Cambridge)

1870 Franco-Prussian war (emergence of Germany as industrial world power). Education Act London linked to Bombay

1872 Secret ballot adopted for elections

1876 Victoria proclaimed Empress of India; telephone

1879 incandescent lamp (Thomas Edison and Joseph Swann);

1880 British Museum lights up; death of George Eliot

1881 Death of Thomas Carlyle

1882 Married Women's Property Act

        deaths of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Anthony Trollope

1884 Third Reform Bill. Fabian Society founded. National Socialist League founded Society of Authors

1885 Radio

1886 Remington Typewriter Company establishes dealership in Britain

         Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Act (enacted in 1860s)

         "Black Sunday" riots in Trafalgar Square (February)

1887 Golden Jubilee. "Bloody Sunday" (Socialist demonstration at Trafalgar Square)

1888 death of Matthew Arnold

1889 deaths of Wilkie Collins and Robert Browning; Cleveland Street Scandal, 1889-90

1892 Internal combustion engine patented (Rudolf Diesel)

        first labour candidate to win a seat in parliament

       death of Alfred, Lord Tennyson

1893 formation of the Independent Labour Party

1894 Yellow Book published in 13 volumes from April 1894 to April 1897

        deaths of Christina Rossetti and Walter Pater

1895 X-ray

        Oscar Wilde tried and imprisoned (until 1897) for "acts of gross indecency"

1896 The Savoy

1897 Diamond Jubilee

1899 Boer War; Net Book Agreement

1901 Queen Victoria dies

1903 First powered flight (Wright brothers)

1914-1918 World War 1

1918 - Gerald Manley Hopkin's poetry published

1922 T.S. Eliot's The Wasteland; James Joyce's Ulysses

1929 Economic depression

1939-45 World War II