Wiesner, Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe, 175-254.
Chapter 5
National Museum of Women in the Arts
Identify: Sofonisba Anguissola, Judith Leyster, Frans Hals, Artemisia Gentileschi, The Ladies Diary
1. How did women lose status in artistic endeavour?
2. Who, typically, were the female painters of early modern Europe? Did being a woman affect the way they painted? Why are the illustrations on pp. 183 (larger version) and 184 significant?
3. Who, typically, were the female composers of early modern Europe? How did gender effect their music?
4. How did early modern women justify the publication of their writings? What factors hindered publication by women? What did women write about, what messages did they have for their readers, and what literary genres were common to them? How did gender affect women's literary efforts?
5. Who, typically, were the female scientists of early modern Europe? How did women participate in science? What obstacles did they face in developing as scientists?
6. What in your opinion is the main reason that explains the restrictions on women in cultural activity?
Chapter 6
Identify: beguines, enclosure/claustration, kloppen, Ursulines, Angela Merici, Mary Ward, Teresa of Avila, Daughers of Charity, Margaret Fell Fox, niddah
7. What roles did women play in late medieval Christianity? What opportunities were denied them?
8. How did Protestantism expand and diminish women's opportunities and religious experiences? What was the typical (male) Protestant ideal for women? What was the fate of convents in Protestant territories?
9. How did the Catholic Reformation place limitations on religious women? What were they able to accomplish? How did laywomen fare in the era of the Catholic Reformation?
10. What was the justification for preventing women to preach? When and why did women preach? What role did they play in radical religious movements?
11. What were the religious opportunities and experiences of Jewish women and of Moriscas?
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