Halkomelem Language and Culture:

Gerdts, Donna B. 1977. "A Dialect Survey of Halkomelem Salish," M.A. Thesis,
     University of British Columbia.
Suttles, Wayne and William Elmendorf. 1954. "Pattern and change in Halkomelem Salish
      Dialects," Anthropological Linguistics 2 (7):1-35.
Suttles, Wayne. 1987. Coast Salish Essays. Talonbooks, Vancouver, pp. 137-51.
Suttles, Wayne. 1990. "Central Coast Salish," in Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 7:
      The Northwest Coast. Smithsonian, Washington, D.C.

Upriver Halkomelem:

Galloway, Brent. 1980. Tó: lméls ye Siyelyólexwa (Wisdom of the Elders: The Structure of
     Upriver Halq'emeylem, A Grammatical Sketch and Classified Word List for Upriver
     Hal'q'emeylem). Coqualeetza Education Training Centre, Sardis, B.C.
Galloway, Brent. 1993. A Grammar of Upriver Halkomelem. University of California Press,
     Berkeley.
Galloway, Brent and the Coqualeetza elders Group. 1982. Upper Sto:lo Ethnobotany.
     Coqualeetza Education Training Centre, Sardis, Brisish Columbia.
Carlson, Keith Thor, ed. 1997. You Are Asked to Witness. St- :lo Heritage Trust, Chilliwack,
     British Columbia.

Downriver Halkomelem:

Suttles, Wayne. in preparation. A Reference Grammar of the Musqueam Dialect of the
     Halkomelem Language.
Suttles, Wayne. 1955. Katzie Ethnographic Notes. Anthropology in British Columbia Memoir
     No. 2. British Columbia Provincial Museum, Victoria.
Suttles, Wayne. n.d. Fieldnotes on Katzie Ethnobotany.

Island Halkomelem:

Bouchard, Randy. 1973. "Classified Word List for B.C. Indian Languages, Halkomelem
     (Cowichan) Version", by Chris Paul, Tsartlip Reserve.
Boas, Franz. ca. 1890. "Snanaimuq vocabulary." Vocabulary slips held by National
     Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Gerdts, Donna B. 1988. Object and Absolutive in Halkomelem Salish. Garland Publishing,
     New York.
Gerdts, Donna B, Brian D. Compton, Leonard Edwards and Charles Ulrich. Hul'q'umin'um'
     Words: An English -to-Hul'q'umin'um' and Hul'q'umin'um' -to-English Dictionary.
     Prepared for the Chemainus, Nanaimo, and Nanoose First Nations and Nanaimo School
     District No. 68, December 1997 (210 pp.)
Hukari, Thomas E., Editor, Ruby Peter, Associate Editor. 1995. The Cowichan Dictionary of
     the Hul'qumin'um' Dialect of the Coast Salish People. Cowichan Tribes.
Leslie, Adrian. 1971. "Dictionary of the Nanaimo Dialect of Coast Salish Compiled from some
     1970 Field Notes." University of Victoria, ms.
Leslie, Adrian. 1979. A Grammar of the Cowichan Dialect of Halkomelem Salish. Ph.D.
     Dissertation, University of Victoria.

Biological References

Algae:

Scagel, Robert F. 1967. Common Seaweeds of British Columbia. Handbook No. 27. British Columbia
     Provincial Museum, Victoria. Waaland, Robert J. 1977. Common Seaweeds of the Pacific Coast. J.J.
     Douglas Ltd.,Vancouver, British Columbia.

Amphibians:

Behler, John L and F. Wayne King. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles
     and Amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
Green, David M. and R. Wayne Campbell. 1984. The Amphibians of British Columbia. Handbook No.
     45. British Columbia Provincial Museum, Victoria.

Biological Nomenclature of Included Species:
(Note: The biological nomenclature used in this Web site generally follows Scagel [1967] for algae; Lincoff
     [1981] for fungi; Douglas et al. [1989, 1990, 1991, and 1994] for vascular plants; Cannings &
     Harcombe [1990] for vertebrate animals; and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System [ITIS]
     for invertebrates and synonymy.)

Cannings, Robert A. and Andrew P. Harcombe. 1990. The Vertebrates of British Columbia: Scientific
     and English Names. Heritage Record No. 20. Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria.
Douglas, George W., Gerald B. Straley and Del Meidinger. 1989. Vascular Plants of British Columbia,
     Part 1 -Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons (Aceraceae Through Cucurbitaceae). British Columbia Ministry
     of Forests, Victoria.
Douglas, George W., Gerald B. Straley and Del Meidinger. 1990. Vascular Plants of British Columbia,
     Part 2 - Dicotyledons (Diapensiaceae Through Portulacaceae). British Columbia Ministry of Forests,
     Victoria.
Douglas, George W., Gerald B. Straley and Del Meidinger. 1991. Vascular Plants of British Columbia,
     Part 3 - Dicotyledons (Primulaceae Through Zygophyllaceae) and Pteridophytes. British Columbia
     Ministry of Forests, Victoria.
Douglas, George W., Gerald B. Straley and Del Meidinger. 1994. Vascular Plants of British Columbia,
     Part 4 - Monocotyledons. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 3 Jul. 1998. National Biological Information Infrastructure;
     National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; Natural Resources Conservation Service,
     United States Department of Agriculture; United States Environmental Protection Agency; United States
     Geological Survey; and United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Birds:

Campbell, R. Wayne, Neil K. Dawe, Ian McTaggart-Cowan, John M. Cooper, Gary W. Kaiser and Michael C.E. McNall. 1990a. The Birds of British Columbia, Volume 1 Nonpasserines: Introduction,
     Loons thorough Waterfowl. UBC Press, Vancouver.
Campbell, R. Wayne, Neil K. Dawe, Ian McTaggart-Cowan, John M. Cooper, Gary W. Kaiser and Michael C.E. McNall. 1990b. The Birds of British Columbia, Volume 2 Nonpasserines: Diurnal Birds of
     Prey through Woodpeckers. UBC Press, Vancouver.
Campbell, R. Wayne, Neil K. Dawe, Ian McTaggart-Cowan, John M. Cooper, Gary W. Kaiser and Michael C.E. McNall. 1997. The Birds of British Columbia, Volume 3 Passerines: Flycatchers through
     Vireos. UBC Press, Vancouver.
Choate, Ernest A. 1973. The Dictionary of American Bird Names. Gambit, Boston.
Ehrlich, Paul R., David S. Dobkin and Darryl Wheye. 1988. The Birder's Handbook. Simon and
     Schuster Ind., New York.
Gotch, A.F. 1995. Latin Names Explained: A Guide to the Scientific Classification of Reptiles, Birds &
     Mammals. Facts on File, Inc., New York.
McAtee, W.L. 1959. Folk-Names of Canadian Birds (2nd edition). Bulletin No. 149, Biological Series No.
     51. National Museum of Canada, Ottawa.
National Geographic Society. 1987. Field Guide to the Birds of North America (2nd edition). National
     Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.
Udvardy, Miklos D.F. (revised by John Farrand, Jr.). 1994. The Audubon Society Field Guide to
     North American Birds, Western Region (revised edition). Alfred A. Knopf, New York.

Ethnobotany:

Cotton, C.M. 1996. Ethnobotany: Principles and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Toronto.
Ford, Richard I. (ed.) 1986. An Ethnobiology Source Book: The Uses of Plants and Animals by American
     Indians. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York.
Harshberger, J.W. 1896. The purposes of ethno-botany. American Antiquarian 17(2):73-81.
Martin, Gary J. 1995. Ethnobotany: A Methods Manual. Chapman and Hall, New York.
Pojar, Jim and Andy MacKinnon. 1994. Plants of Coastal British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing,
     Vancouver.
Stó:lo Nation and Brent Galloway. 1982. Upper Stó:lo Ethnobotany. Coqualeetza Education Training
     Centre, Sardis, B.C.
Suttles, Wayne. ca. 1955-1961. Downriver Halkomelem (Musqueam & Katzie) & Upriver Halkomelem
     (Sto:lo) Ethnobotany Notes. Unpublished manuscript.
Turner, Nancy J. 1995. Food Plants of Coastal First Peoples. UBC Press, Vancouver.
Turner, Nancy J. 1998. Plant Technology of First Peoples in British Columbia. UBC Press, Vancouver.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A.M. Bell. 1971. The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of
     Vancouver Island. Economic Botany 25(1)63-104; 25(3):335-339 [revised appendix published later
     under same title].

Ethnography:

Hill-Tout, Charles. 1902. Ethnological Studies of the Mainland Halkomelem, a Division of the Salish of
     British Columbia. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 72:355-449.
Hill-Tout, Charles. 1904. Ethnological Report on the Stseelis and Skaulits Tribes of the Halkomelem
     Division of the Salish of British Columbia. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
     34(July-December):311-336.
Hill-Tout, Charles. 1907. Report on the Ethnology of the South-Eastern Tribes of Vancouver Island,
     British Columbia. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 37(July-December):306-374.
Maud, Ralph (ed.). 1978a. The Salish People. The Local Contribution of Charles Hill-Tout, Volume III:
     The Mainland Halkomelem. Talonbooks, Vancouver.
Maud, Ralph (ed.). 1978b. The Salish People. The Local Contribution of Charles Hill-Tout, Volume IV:
     The Sechelt and the South-Eastern Tribes of Vancouver Island. Talonbooks, Vancouver.
Maud, Ralph. 1978. The Salish People. The Local Contribution of Charles Hill-Tout, Volume III: The
     Mainland Halkomelem. Talonbooks, Vancouver.

Ethnozoology:

Galloway, Brent. 1979. Towards an Ethnozoology of Upriver Halkomelem. Paper presented at the 43rd
     International Congress of Americanists, Symposium on Amerindian Ethnolinguistics. Vancouver, B.C.
Stearns, R. 1889. Ethno-conchology: A Study of Primitive Money. Report of the United States National
     Museum for 1887. Pp. 297-334.

Fungi:

Lincoff, Gary H. 1981. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms. Alfred A.
     Knopf, New York.
Webster, John. 1970. Introduction to Fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Mammals:

Cowan, I. McT. and C.J. Guiguet. 1965. The Mammals of British Columbia. Handbook No. 11.
     British Columbia Provincial Museum, Victoria.
Nagorsen, David. 1990. The Mammals of British Columbia: A Taxonomic Catalogue. Memoir No. 4.
     Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria.
Whitaker, John O., Jr. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals. Alfred A.
     Knopf, New York.

Mollusks:

Gordon, David George. 1994. Field Guide to the Slug. Sasquatch Books, Seattle.
Kozloff, Eugene N. 1976. Plants and Animals of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press,
     Seattle.

Plants:

Hitchcock, C. Leo and Arthur Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington
     Press, Seattle.
Krajina, V.J., K. Klinka and J. Worrall 1982. Distribution and Ecological Characteristics of Trees and
     Shrubs of British Columbia. Faculty of Forestry. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Little, Elbert L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees, Western Region.
     Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
Pojar, Jim and Andy MacKinnon. 1994. Plants of Coastal British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing,
     Vancouver.
Turner, Nancy J. and Adam F. Szczawinski. 1991. Common Poisonous Plants and Mushrooms of North
     America. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon.

Reptiles:

Behler, John L and F. Wayne King. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles
     and Amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
Gregory, Patrick T and R. Wayne Campbell. 1984. The Reptiles of British Columbia. British Columbia
     Provincial Museum, Victoria.

Links:

Biology

Integrated Taxonomic Information System
3 Jul. 1998. National Biological Information Infrastructure; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture; United States Environmental Protection Agency; United States Geological Survey; and United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Ethnobotany

People and Plants Online
WWF International (World Wide Fund for Nature), UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation), and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. .

Ethnozoology

People and Plants Online
WWF International (World Wide Fund for Nature), UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation), and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. .