Linguistics 322

Exercises

Exercise 5:

• Draw by hand using a straight edge (ruler) for the tree diagrams, the phrase structure for the following phrases including spell-out: (don't forget null forms, Case, links, and every operator). Account for your derivations:
  
  • sold each cow

  

The following three phrases include mood as well as tense. You may use the short form of NP but you must include Case):

• noticed both the men

• sell every box of sweet peaches

 

• was driven to school by the neighbor

• Why are the following ungrammatical:
  • *-ed see both the three oxen
  • *playinged the new game

'-ed' ([-Past]) needs a verbal host.

'both' = [+Dual], 'three' = [-Dual].

[+Prog] is a governor blocking [+Past] which also needs a verbal Host. The rule of intervention was broken.

• Name three principles of syntax
  government
  agreement
  last resort
  least effort
  
• Determine the lexical entry for the noun FOCUS.
  
  

  Item	Property
  FOC	morphnological form
  -V, +N	category
  /fok/ (tense vowel)	phonological form
  -Host	hosting
  -Case_Inh, -Nom; Nom	Case
  stem	morphological property
  foc+us / [-Pl]	irregular stem, 'us' is a stem extender
  [+Pl] -> aj/	irreglar plural suffix.

  
  
  See The Lexicon (You may skip theta roles, semantics, subcategorization, selectional restrictions). Hint: assume the default stem is found in the plural and make use of a stem extender.

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