Chapter Contents

Previous

Next
SAS/GRAPH Software: Reference

Color-naming Schemes

The valid color-naming schemes are

For the CMYK color scheme, color specifications must be enclosed in quotation marks. For all other color schemes, the quotes are optional.

You can freely intermix color-naming schemes in your programs; however, depending on your device capabilities, the color that is displayed may not be the color that you expect. See Device Capabilities for information on how to tell if your device supports user-defined colors.

Note:   The colors shown in the output in this book may be different from the colors you see on your device.  [cautionend]


RGB Color Codes

You can use the RGB color-naming scheme to specify a color in terms of its red, green, and blue components. Color names are of the form CXrrggbb, where

The components are given as hexadecimal numbers in the range 00 through FF. This allows for up to 256 levels of each color component. For example, bright red is specified as CXFF0000, white as CXFFFFFF, black as CX000000, and green as CX00FF00.

Any combination of the color components is valid. Some combinations will match the color produced by predefined SAS color names. Refer to Predefined SAS Colors That Can Be Used in SAS/GRAPH Software for those combinations that match predefined SAS color names.


CMYK Color Codes

To use a printer's Pantone Color Look-Up Table, you can use the CMYK color-naming scheme to specify colors in terms of their cyan, magenta, yellow, and black components. Color names are of the form 'ccmmyykk', where

The components are given as quoted hexadecimal numbers in the range 00 through FF. This scheme allows for up to 256 levels of each color component. For example, red is specified as '00FFFF00', green as 'FF00FF00', process black (uses cyan, magenta, and yellow ink) as 'FFFFFF00', and pure black (uses only black ink) as '000000FF'. For CMYK color specifications, the quotes are required.

CMYK color specifications should only be used for devices that support four colors. If a CMYK color is used on a three-color device, the color specification will be mapped to a color that the device supports, but the resulting colors may not be appealing. Moreover, different CMYK colors may map to the same device color because a four-color space supports more colors than a three-color space.


HLS Color Codes

You can use the HLS color-naming scheme to specify colors in terms of hue, lightness, and saturation components. SAS/GRAPH software uses an HLS color scheme that is modeled directly after the Tektronix Color Standard, which is shown in Tektronix Color Standard. HLS color names are of the form Hhhhllss, where

The components are given as hexadecimal numbers. The hue component has the range 000 through FFF. Valid values are 000 through 360 (168 base 16). If the value for the Hue is greater than 360 (168 base 16), the Hue will be calculated by using modular arithmetic with a modulus of 360 (168 base 16). Both the lightness and saturation components are hexadecimal and have the range 00 through FF. Thus, they provide 256 levels for each component. For example, bright blue is specified as H14066FF and light gray as H000BB00. White is defined as Hxxx FF00 and black as Hxxx 0000, where xxx can be any hue. For white and black, the lightness component determines the intensity of the gray level. When the saturation is zero, the color is a shade of gray that is determined by the lightness value.

Any combination of the color components is valid. Some combinations will match the color produced by predefined SAS color names. Refer to Predefined SAS Colors That Can Be Used in SAS/GRAPH Software for those combinations that match predefined SAS color names.

Tektronix Color Standard

[IMAGE]


HSV (or HSB) Color Codes

You can use the HSV color-naming scheme to specify colors in terms of hue, saturation, and value (or brightness) components. HSV color names are of the form Vhhhssvv, where

The components are given as hexadecimal numbers. The hue component has the range 000 through FFF. Valid values are 000 through 360 (168 base 16). If the value for the Hue is greater than 360 (168 base 16), the Hue will be calculated by using modular arithmetic with a modulus of 360 (168 base 16). Both the saturation and value (brightness) components are hexadecimal and have the range 00 through FF (when the saturation is zero, the color is a shade of gray determined by the value). Thus, they provide 256 levels for each component.

For example, bright blue is specified as V0C8FFCC, light gray as Vxxx00BB, and White as Vxxx00FF, where xxx can be any hue. For white and black, the value component determines the intensity of gray level. Any combination of the color components is valid.


Gray-Scale Color Codes

You can use gray scales to specify colors in terms of gray components. Gray-scale color names are of the form GRAYll. The value ll is the lightness of the gray and is given as a hexadecimal number in the range 00 through FF. This scheme allows for 256 levels on the gray scale. For example, GRAYFF is white, GRAY00 is black, and GRAY4C is a dark gray.


Predefined SAS Colors

To specify colors in intuitive terms, use the predefined SAS color names, which form a color by combining the abbreviations for prefixes and prefix hues with the abbreviations for the names of several common hues. See Abbreviations for Hues and Prefixes Used in Predefined SAS/GRAPH Color Names.

Abbreviations for Hues and Prefixes Used in Predefined SAS/GRAPH Color Names
Hue Abbreviation Prefix Abbreviation
red R pale PA
pink PK brilliant BI
olive OL light LI
brown BR moderate MO
orange O medium ME
yellow Y strong ST
yellow-green LG dark DA
yellowish green YG deep DE
green G vivid VI
blue B very pale VPA
purple P very light VLI
violet V very dark VDA
gray GR very deep VDE
black BL

white WH


Predefined SAS color names follow the formulas prefix+hue, prefix+hue+hue, or prefix+hue+hue+hue. For example, the common hue red can be denoted by R. The common prefixes grayish and dark can be denoted by GR and DA. To construct the color dark grayish red, combine the prefix DA, the prefix hue GR, and the hue R to form the predefined SAS color DAGRR. The predefined colors are approximations only and may not produce the same results on different devices.

Generally, to describe a predefined SAS color name that uses more than one hue, add the suffix ish to the name of each prefix hue. In the previous example, the color name from the prefix dark and the hues gray and red is described as dark grayish red (DAGRR).

Not all combinations of prefixes and hues are available as predefined SAS color names. You can specify colors that do not have a predefined SAS color name by using the RGB, HLS, HSV, CMYK, or gray-scale color-naming schemes.

Predefined SAS Colors That Can Be Used in SAS/GRAPH Software provides a comprehensive list of the predefined SAS color names that you can use. The table lists the predefined SAS color name followed by the description and the equivalent RGB and HLS values.

Note:   Hardware characteristics may cause some colors with different color definitions to appear the same. Also, the same predefined color is likely to appear different on different devices and may not appear correct on some devices.  [cautionend]

Predefined SAS Colors That Can Be Used in SAS/GRAPH Software
Color Name Color Description RGB HLS

Basic Hues

BLACK | BL black CX000000 H0000000
BLUE | B blue CX0000FF H00080FF
BROWN | BR brown CXA05000 H09650FF
CHARCOAL charcoal CX4F4F4F H0784F00
CREAM cream CXE8D898 H0A8C0A2
CYAN cyan CX00FFFF H12C80FF
GOLD gold CXFFAA00 H0A080FF
GRAY | GREY | GR | A gray CX808080 H0008000
GREEN | G green CX00FF00 H0F080FF
LILAC lilac CXE06090 H062A0AC
LIME lime CXC0FF81 H0D2C0FF
MAGENTA magenta CXFF00FF H03C80FF
MAROON maroon CX700000 H07838FF
OLIVE olive CX2A8307 H0DF45E6
ORANGE | O orange CXFF8000 H09680FF
PINK pink CXFF0080 H05980FF
PURPLE | P purple CX703070 H03C5066
RED | R red CXFF0000 H07880FF
ROSE rose CXFF6060 H078B0FF
SALMON salmon CXFF0055 H06480FF
STEEL steel CX3883A8 H1407080
TAN tan CXE0A860 H09AA0AC
VIOLET violet CXB090D0 H01EB067
WHITE | WH | W white CXFFFFFF H000FF00
YELLOW | Y yellow CXFFFF00 H0B480FF

Blacks

RBK reddish black CX191919 H06D1904
BRBL brownish black CX010101 H0980101
GBL greenish black CX191919 H0F81900
OLBL olive black CX191919 H0CB1900
PBL purplish black CX191919 H0341901
BBL bluish black CX191919 H0011901

Blues

VIGB vivid greenish blue CX13478C H14E4FC3
BIGB brilliant greenish blue CX4D7EBF H14E8679
STGB strong greenish blue CX2E4C73 H14E506D
DEGB deep greenish blue CX142233 H14E246D
LIGB light greenish blue CX6E86A6 H14E8A3C
VLIGB very light greenish blue CX90B0D9 H14EB57C
MOGB moderate greenish blue CX4C5D73 H14E6033
DAGB dark greenish blue CX2A3440 H14E3533
VDAGB very dark greenish blue CX121519 H14E162D
VIB vivid blue CX090766 H00136DF
BIB brilliant blue CX3230B2 H0017194
STB strong blue CX201F73 H0014994
DEB deep blue CX100F26 H0011B6D
PAB pale blue CX8585A6 H0019528
VPAB very pale blue CXAEADD9 H001C35C
GRB grayish blue CX5C5C73 H001671C
DAGRB dark grayish blue CX373740 H0013B12
VIPB vivid purplish blue CX2B0766 H01736DF
BIPB brilliant purplish blue CX6130B2 H0177194
STPB strong purplish blue CX3F1F73 H0174994
DEPB deep purplish blue CX180F26 H0171B6D
VLIPB very light purplish blue CXA37AE5 H017B0AD
LIPB light purplish blue CX6D5299 H017754E
MOPB moderate purplish blue CX3F3059 H017444E
DAPB dark purplish blue CX151219 H017162D
LIB light blue CX5A58A6 H0017F4E
VLIB very light blue CX7674D9 H001A691
MOB moderate blue CX3E3D73 H001584E
DAB dark blue CX1B1B26 H001212D
PAPB pale purplish blue CX8A7AA6 H0179033
VPAPB very pale purplish blue CXC0A8E5 H017C78B
GRPB grayish purplish blue CX4A4159 H0174D27
BLB blackish blue CX171719 H001180D

Browns

LIBR light brown CX8C7962 H098772D
MOBR moderate brown CX594E41 H0984D27
DABR dark brown CX191714 H098171C
LIGRBR light grayish brown CX8C887A H0A58313
GRBR grayish brown CX59564D H0A55312
DAGRBR dark grayish brown CX33322E H0A5300D
STYBR strong yellowish brown CX806A2B H0A5557F
DEYBR deep yellowish brown CX332E14 H0AA246D
LIYBR light yellowish brown CXA69F7A H0AA9033
MOYBR moderate yellowish brown CX736E58 H0AA6522
DAYBR dark yellowish brown CX26251F H0AA221C
LIGRYBR light grayish yellowish brown CXA6A18A H0AA9822
GRYBR grayish yellowish brown CX737060 H0AA6917
DAGRYBR dark grayish yellowish brown CX403E37 H0AA3B12
LIOLBR light olive brown CX8B8C4B H0B56C4E
MOOLBR moderate olive brown CX595936 H0B54740
DAOLBR dark olive brown CX26261C H0B52127
STBR strong brown CX593B18 H0983994
STRBR strong reddish brown CX4C2714 H08C3094
DERBR deep reddish brown CX26150D H08C1980
LIRBR light reddish brown CX8C7367 H08C7A27
MORBR moderate reddish brown CX59453B H08C4A33
DARBR dark reddish brown CX191614 H08C171C
LIGRRBR light grayish reddish brown CX8C7D75 H08C8118
GRRBR grayish reddish brown CX594F4A H08C5217
DAGRRBR dark grayish reddish brown CX332E2C H08C3012
DEBR deep brown CX261C0F H0981B6D

Grays

LIBRGR light brownish gray CX8C8883 H098880A
BRGR brownish gray CX595753 H0985609
PKGR pinkish gray CXBFB2B5 H06DB917
RGR reddish gray CX8C8385 H06D880A
DARGR dark reddish gray CX595354 H06D5609
YGR yellowish gray CXBBBFAC H0C2B621
LIGGR light greenish gray CXBFBFBF H0F8BF01
GGR greenish gray CX8C8C8C H0F88C01
DAGGR dark greenish gray CX595959 H0F85900
LIOLGR light olive gray CX878C7E H0CB850F
LIPGR light purplish gray CXBDB2BF H034B917
PGR purplish gray CX8B838C H034880A
DAPGR dark purplish gray CX585359 H0345609
LIGR light gray CXBFBFBF H000BF00
MEGR medium gray CX8C8C8C H0008C00
DAGR dark gray CX595959 H0005900
LTGRAY light gray CXC0C0C0 H000C000
DAGRAY dark gray CX404040 H0004000
LIBGR light bluish gray CXB3B2BF H001B917
BGR bluish gray CX83838C H001880A
OLGR olive gray CX575953 H0CB5609
DABGR dark bluish gray CX535359 H0015609
VIBG vivid bluish green CX138C89 H12A4FC3
BIBG brilliant bluish green CX4DBFBC H12A8679
STBG strong bluish green CX2E7371 H12A506D
DEBG deep bluish green CX143332 H12A246D
LIBG light bluish green CX6EA6A4 H12A8A3C
VLIBG very light bluish green CX90D9D7 H12AB57C
MOBG moderate bluish green CX4C7372 H12A6033
DABG dark bluish green CX2D403F H12A362D
VDABG very dark bluish green CX121919 H12A162D
VILG vivid yellow-green CX44A616 H0DD5EC3
BILG brilliant yellow-green CX88E55C H0DDA1BA
STLG strong yellow-green CX5B993D H0DD6B6D
DELG deep yellow-green CX3C6629 H0DD476D
LILG light yellow-green CXB1E599 H0DDBF99
MOLG moderate yellow-green CX769966 H0DD7F33
PALG pale yellow-green CXD1E5C7 H0DDD660
GRLG grayish yellow-green CX8B9985 H0DD8F17
STOLG strong olive green CX264C14 H0DD3094
DEOLG deep olive green CX15260D H0DD1980
MOOLG moderate olive green CX45593B H0DD4A33
DAOLG dark olive green CX1F261C H0DD2127
GROLG grayish olive green CX8B9985 H0DD8F17
DAGROLG dark grayish olive green CX2E332C H0DD3012
VIYG vivid yellowish green CX16A629 H0F85EC3
BIYG brilliant yellowish green CX52CC62 H0F88F8B
STYG strong yellowish green CX388C4C H0F8626D
DEYG deep yellowish green CX185920 H0F83994
VDEYG very deep yellowish green CX0A260E H0F81894
VLIYG very light yellowish green CX9EEDA8 H0F8C6B0
LIYG light yellowish green CX80BF88 H0F89F55
MOYG moderate yellowish green CX5D8C64 H0F87533
DAYG dark yellowish green CX3B593F H0F84A33
VDAYG very dark yellowish green CX172118 H0F81C2D
VIG vivid green CX118044 H10C48C3
BIG brilliant green CX4DBF81 H10C8679
STG strong green CX2E734E H10C506D
DEG deep green CX143322 H10C246D
LIG light green CX6EA688 H10C8A3C
VLIG very light green CX99E5BC H10CBF99
MOG moderate green CX4C735E H10C6033
DAG dark green CX364C40 H10C412D
VDAG very dark green CX121915 H10C162D
PAG pale green CX90A69A H10C9B1C
VPAG very pale green CXBCD9C5 H103CA46
GRG grayish green CX63736A H10C6B12
DAGRG dark grayish green CX454C48 H10C490D
BLG blackish green CX171918 H10C180D

Olives

LIOL light olive CX628033 H0CB596D
MOOL moderate olive CX47592A H0CB415D
DAOL dark olive CX161911 H0CB1533
LIGROL light grayish olive CX838C75 H0CB8118
GROL grayish olive CX54594A H0CB5217
DAGROL dark grayish olive CX30332C H0CB3012

Oranges

VIRO vivid reddish orange CX803009 H08C44DF
STRO strong reddish orange CX8C411C H08C54AA
DERO deep reddish orange CX662F14 H08C3DAA
MORO moderate reddish orange CX8C5438 H08C626D
DARO dark reddish orange CX663D29 H08C476D
GRRO grayish reddish orange CX8C6754 H08C7040
VIO vivid orange CXB26306 H0985CEF
BIO brilliant orange CXD9892B H0988281
STO strong orange CXA66921 H09863AA
DEO deep orange CX80511A H0984DAA
LIO light orange CXD9A465 H0989F99
MOO moderate orange CXA67D4D H0987A5D
BRO brownish orange CX80603C H0985E5D

Pinks

VIPK vivid pink CXCC1B2B H06D74C3
STPK strong pink CXD9576E H06D98A1
DEPK deep pink CX99293D H06D6194
LIPK light pink CXE599A7 H06DBF99
MOPK moderate pink CXBA7C87 H06D9B4F
DAPK dark pink CX995C67 H06D7A40
GRPK grayish pink CXBA9BA1 H06DAB2F
PAPK pale pink CXE5BFC6 H06DD26D
VIYPK vivid yellowish pink CXCC2B1B H07D74C3
STYPK strong yellowish pinf CXCC5D52 H07D8F8B
DEYPK deep yellowish pink CX993329 H0706194
LIYPK light yellowish pink CXE5A099 H07DBF99
MOYPK moderate yellowish pink CXBF8580 H07D9F55
DAYPK dark yellowish pink CX99615C H07D7A40
PAYPK pale yellowish pink CXE5C5C2 H07DD468
GRYPK grayish yellowish pink CXBFA5A2 H07DB130
BRPK brownish pink CXBFB9A6 H0A5B22A
STPPK strong purplish pink CXB2309E H0467194
DEPPK deep purplish pink CX991F85 H0465CAA
LIPPK light purplish pink CXD974C9 H046A691
MOPPK moderate purplish pink CXB25FA5 H046895A
DAPPK dark purplish pink CX995278 H058754E
PAPPK pale purplish pink CXE5B8D0 H058CF79
GRPPK grayish purplish pink CXB28FA2 H058A130
BIPPK brilliant purplish pink CXD93ABF H04689AC

Purples

VIP vivid purple CX6F0980 H0347194
BIP brilliant purple CXA030B2 H0347194
STP strong purple CX671F73 H0344994
DEP deep purple CX3E1745 H0342E80
VDEP very deep purple CX170819 H034117F
LIP light purple CX9B58A6 H0347F4E
VLIP very light purple CXCB74D9 H034A691
MOP moderate purple CX6B3D73 H034584E
DAP dark purple CX423045 H0343B2D
VDAP very dark purple CX181219 H034162D
PAP pale purple CXA185A6 H0349528
VPAP very pale purple CXD3ADD9 H034C35C
GRP grayish purple CX705C73 H034671C
DAGRP dark grayish purple CX443C45 H0344012
BLP blackish purple CX191719 H034180D
VIRP vivid reddish purple CX59064C H04630DF
STRP strong reddish purple CX731F65 H0464994
DERP deep reddish purple CX45173E H0462E80
VDERP very deep reddish purple CX190817 H046117F
LIRP light reddish purple CX99528E H046754E
MORP moderate reddish purple CX733D6A H046584E
DARP dark reddish purple CX453042 H0463B2D
VDARP very dark reddish purple CX191218 H046162D
GRRP grayish reddish purple CX73546E H0466327
PARP pale reddish purple CX997092 H046852A

Reds

VIR vivid red CX33070F H06D1DC3
STR strong red CX731727 H06D45AA
DER deep red CX4C1923 H06D3380
VDER very deep red CX190A0D H06D126D
MOR moderate red CX732E3A H06D506D
DAR dark red CX40262B H06D3340
VDAR very dark red CX191213 H06D162D
LIGRR light grayish red CX997078 H06D852A
GRR grayish red CX73545A H06D6327
LIGRPR light grayish purplish red CX997086 H058852A
DAGRR dark grayish red CX453C3D H06D4012
BLR blackish red CX191717 H06D180D
VIPR vivid purplish red CX4C052C H05829DF
STPR strong purplish red CX731749 H05745AA
DEPR deep purplish red CX45122E H0582C94
VDEPR very deep purplish red CX190A12 H058126D
MOPR moderate purplish red CX732E53 H058506D
DAPR dark purplish red CX452938 H0583740
GRPR grayish purplish red CX734C61 H0586033
VDAPR very dark purplish red CX191216 H058162D

Violets

VIV vivid violet CX53098C H0244BDF
BIV brilliant violet CX7930B2 H0227194
STV strong violet CX3C1859 H0223994
DEV deep violet CX1B0D26 H0221980
LIV light violet CX7A5299 H022754E
VLIV very light violet CXAC74D9 H022A691
MOV moderate violet CX473059 H022444E
DAV dark violet CX161219 H022162D
PAV pale violet CX877099 H022852A
VPAV very pale violet CXCBA8E5 H022C78B
GRV grayish violet CX4F4159 H0224D27

Whites

YWH yellowish white CXE8EDD5 H0C2E166
GWH greenish white CXECEDEC H0F8ED06
PKWH pinkish white CXEDDDE0 H06DE54E
PWH purplish white CXEBDDED H034E54E
BWH bluish white CXDEDDED H001E54E

Yellows

VIOY vivid orange-yellow CXBF9106 H0A563EF
BIOY brilliant orange-yellow CXE5B82E H0A58AC8
STOY strong orange-yellow CXBF9926 H0A573AA
DEOY deep orange-yellow CX997A1F H0A55CAA
LIOY light orange-yellow CXE5C76B H0A5A8B4
MOOY moderate orange-yellow CXBAA157 H0A5896B
DAOY dark orange-yellow CX998547 H0A5705D
PAOY pale orange-yellow CXE5D4A1 H0A5C392
DAY dark yellow CX99BF1A H0C26CC3
PAY pale yellow CXC6E55C H0C2A1BA
GRY grayish yellow CXA3BF46 H0C2837C
DAGRY dark grayish yellow CX839938 H0C26976
VIGY vivid greenish yellow CXCDE57A H0C2B0AD
BIGY brilliant greenish yellow CXABBF66 H0C29369
STGY strong greenish yellow CX899952 H0C2754E
DEGY deep greenish yellow CXD9E5B0 H0C2CB83
VIY vivid yellow CXB5BF93 H0C2A942
BIY brilliant yellow CX8E996B H0C2822F
STY strong yellow CX80BF1A H0CB6CC3
DEY deep yellow CXAEE554 H0CB9DB0
LIY light yellow CX8DBA44 H0CB7F76
MOY moderate yellow CX749938 H0CB6976
LIGY light greenish yellow CXBDE57A H0CBB0AD
MOGY moderate greenish yellow CX9DBF66 H0CB9396
DAGY dark greenish yellow CX7E9952 H0CB754E
GRGY grayish greenish yellow CXA9BF86 H0CBA34F
PAGY pale greenish yellow CXCBE5A1 H0CBC392


Chapter Contents

Previous

Next

Top of Page

Copyright 1999 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.