Statistical Quality Control Using the SAS System

PREFACE ix
CHAPTER 1

AN OVERVIEW OF STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL AND SAS STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL SOFTWARE
Introduction to Statistical Quality Control
Goals and Strategies of This Book
Using the SAS System for Statistical Quality Control
Using the SQC Menu System
Using the ADX Menu System
The Interaction of SAS/QC and SAS/GRAPH Software
The Use of Macro Language in This Book
Example Data Sets

CHAPTER 2

DATA COLLECTION USING SAS SOFTWARE
Introduction
The Why, What, When and How of Data Collection
Populations and Samples
Processing Collected Data Using SAS Software
Example: Computer Monitor Frames Data-Introduction
Example: Circuit Board Thickness Data-Introduction
Example: Refractory Brick Hardness Data-Introduction
The Use of SAS Data Libraries in This Book

CHAPTER 3

BASIC METHODS OF STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL
Introduction
Check Sheets
Example: Insurance Claims Data-Check Sheet
Pareto Charts
Example: Insurance Claim Data-Pareto Chart
Example: Insurance Claim Data-Comparative Pareto Chart
Cause and Effect (Ishikawa) Diagrams
Example: Electronic Circuit Boards Bad Solder Weld Problem-Ishikawa Diagram
Defect Concentration Diagrams
Example: Electronic Circuit Boards Bent Lead Data-Defect Concentration Diagram
Scatter Diagrams
Example: Soft Drink Filling Data-Scatter Diagram

CHAPTER 4

ADVANCED METHODS OF SPC: THE CONTROL CHART 49
Introduction 49
Creating Control Charts Using SAS/QC Procedures 55
Data Example: Computer Monitor Frames-P Chart
Example: Lumber Drying Process Shrinkage Data-Xbar Chart
Example: Lumber Shrinkage-Supplemental Run Rules Control Chart
Control Chart Average Run Length
Advanced Control Charts
Example: Gasoline Impurity Data-CUSUM Chart
Example: Gasoline Impurity Data-FIR CUSUM Chart
Example: Gasoline Impurity Data-Combined Shewhart-CUSUM Chart
Example: Paint Viscosity Data-EWMA Control Chart 98
Designing an EWMA Chart
A Summary of Other Specialized Control Charts
Example: Bicycle Frame Data-Standardized u Chart
Example: Clinical Chemistry/Hemoglobin-Laboratory Control Chart
Example: The Filling of Cans of Corn-Acceptance Control Chart
Example: Toy Airplane Wing Widths-Trend Control Charts

CHAPTER 5

ADVANCED METHODS OF SPC: THE HISTOGRAM AND CAPABILITY
ANALYSIS 127
Introduction
Histograms
Example: Pipe Diameter Data-Creating the Data Set
Measuring Process Capability for Normally Distributed Data
Example: Circuit Board Thickness Data-Creating the SAS Data Set
Statistical Interval Estimation for Normally Distributed Data Using PROC CAPABILITY
Example: Board Thickness Data-Confidence Interval Estimation
Capability Indices for Nonnormal Data
Example: Wooden Stool Assembly Times-Generalized Capability Index
Reliability Analysis Using PROC CAPABILITY
Example: Toy Engine Performance Data-Creating the SAS Data Set
Example: Toy Engine Performance Data-Estimating the Weibull Distribution Parameters
Example: Toy Engine Performance Data-Mean Time to Failure

CHAPTER 6

ADVANCED METHODS OF SPC: DESIGNED EXPERIMENTS 165
Introduction
The Statistically Designed Experiment
Factorial Experiments
Example: Thermal Fuse Temperature Data-Generating A 23 Factorial Experiment
Example: Thermal Fuse Temperature Data-Analyzing the Response Data
Example: Refractory Brick Data-Generating A 32 Factorial Design
Example: Refractory Brick Data-Analyzing the Data
Fractional Factorial Designs
Example: Truck Leaf Spring Data-A 24-1 Design
Example: A Laboratory Method Ruggedness Test-Generating a Design
Example: A Laboratory Method Ruggedness Test-Analyzing the Data
Example: Injection Molding Process-Generating a Resolution V Design
Example: Automobile Hood Painting Process-Generating a Design
Example: Paint Thickness Experiment-Generating a 34 Factorial in Blocks of 27 Units
Example: Paint Thickness Experiment-Generating A 34 Factorial in Blocks of Size 9
Generating Orthogonal Array Designs Using SAS Software
Example: Shrinkage Control in Injection Molding-Generating an Orthogonal Array Design
Generating and Analyzing Response Surface Experiments
Example: Refractory Brick Experiment No. 2-Response Surface Analysis
Example: Refractory Brick Experiment No. 2-Analyzing the Data
Example: Refractory Brick Experiment No. 2-Generating a Second Order Response Surface
Design
Generating and Analyzing Mixture Designs
Example: Mixed Nuts Data-The Mixture Design Specs
Example: Mixed Nuts Data-Generating the Mixture Design
Example: Mixed Nuts Data-Entering the Data

CHAPTER 7

EVALUATING ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING PLANS WITH SAS SOFTWARE 251
Introduction
Types of Sampling Plans
Attribute Sampling Plans
Example: Double Sampling Plans-US Pharmacopoeia Tablet Dissolution Sampling Plans
Variables Sampling Plans
Example: Variables Sampling Plans-Military Standard 414 Plans

CHAPTER 8

USING SAS SOFTWARE FOR MEASUREMENT QUALITY CONTROL 281
Introduction
Calibration
Example: High Pressure Liquid Chromatography Data-Linear Calibration
Example: High Pressure Liquid Chromatography Data-Inverse Prediction
Repeatability and Reproducibility Studies
Example: Height Gage R&R Data-Average and Range Method
Example: Height Gage R&R Data-Variance Components Method
Example: Peanut Butter Aflatoxin Data-Variance Components Analysis
Tolerance Analysis
Example: Ohm's Law-Tolford Macro
Example: Resistance of a Parallel Circuit-Tolford Macro

APPENDIX A
EXAMPLE DATA SET DESCRIPTIONS 309
APPENDIX B
SAS MACROS 339
The SAMPTAB Macro
The TOLFORD Macro
APPENDIX C
SAS CODE TO GENERATE FIGURES 343
REFERENCES
INDEX
viii Contents
Contents v

Statistical Quality Control Using the SAS System

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