Jacques Attali

On the "prophetic" nature of music

"Music is prophetic. Why? If we consider music to be a kind of code, we can see that there are many different ways of organizing that code: different melodies, different rhythms, different genres. Moreover, we can explore these different forms of organization much more easily, much more rapidly, than we can explore different ways of organizing reality." (From Attali's talk in 2001)

"...it is senseless to classify musicians by school, identify periods, discern stylistic breaks, or read music as a direct translation of the sufferings of a class. Music, like cartography, records the simultaneity of conflicting orders, from which a fluid structure arises, never resolved never pure. " (Noise, 45)

On the economies of "representation" and "repetition."

"Stated very simply, representation in the system of commerce is that which arises from a singular act; repetition is that which is mass-produced. Thus, a concert is representation, but also a meal a la carte in a restaurant; a phonograph record or a can of food is repetition...One provides a use-value tied to the human quality of the production; the other allows for stockpiling, easy accessibility, and repetition. In representation, a work is generally heard only one--it is a unique moment; in repetition, potential hearings are stockpiled.
Attali on Music and Violence and the organization of difference.

"In my view, music is a metaphor for the management of violence. When people listen to music, they listen to the fact that society is possible: because we can manage violence."

…"if you look at music as a metaphor for the organizing differences among noises, then you have music as a metaphor for the organizing of scapegoats. Noise is violence, it is killing. Organizing noises, creating differences in noises, is a way of demonstrating that
violence can be transformed into a way of managing violence…"


No organized society can exists without structuring differences at its core. No market economy can develop without erasing those differences in mass production. The self-destruction of capitalism lies in this contradiction, in the fact that music leads a deafening life; an instrument of differentiation, it has become a locus of repetition. In itself becomes undifferentiated, goes anonymous in the commodity, and hides behind the masks of stardom.. It make audible what is essential in the contradictions of the developed societies: an anxiety-ridden quest for lost difference, following a logic from which difference is banished. " (Noise, 5)