



4 Numerical Analysis and
Parameter Space
4.1 Fundamental Theories
Definition 1: For one-dimensional mapping , there may be some special points that
satisfy the equation . Such a point is called a fixed point of the mapping. Similarly, for n-dimensional mapping , there may be a special vector that
satisfies the equation . Such a vector is called a fixed point of the n-dimensional mapping.
Definition 2: A flip (or
period-doubling) bifurcation occurs when one of the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the mapping at the fixed point
equals –1.
Stability: A fixed point of a n-dimensional mapping is stable
if and only if its characteristic
multipliers all lie within the unit circle in the complex plane.
characteristic
multipliers: eigenvalues of the
Jacobian matrix of the mapping at the fixed point