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Front Matter
- Title
- i. Releases of the TEI Guidelines
- ii. Dedication
- iii. Preface and Acknowledgments
iv. About These Guidelines- v. A Gentle Introduction to XML
- v.1. What's Special about XML?
- v.2. Textual Structures
- v.3. XML Structures
- v.4. Validating a Document's Structure
- v.5. Complicating the Issue
- v.6. Attributes
- v.7. Other Components of an XML Document
- v.8. Putting It All Together
- vi. Languages and Character Sets
- vi.1. Language Identification
- vi.2. Characters and Character Sets
Back Matter
- Appendix A Model Classes
- Appendix A.1 About the Model Classes Appendix
- Appendix B Attribute Classes
- Appendix B.1 About the Attribute Classes Appendix
- Appendix C Elements
- Appendix C.1 About the Elements Appendix
- Appendix D Attributes
- Appendix D.1 About the Attributes Appendix
- Appendix E Datatypes and Other Macros
- Appendix E.1 About the Datatypes and Macros Appendix
- Appendix F Bibliography
- Appendix F.1 Works Cited in Examples in these Guidelines
- Appendix F.2 Works Cited Elsewhere in the Text of these Guidelines
- Appendix F.3 Reading List
- Appendix F.3.1 Theory of Markup and XML
- Appendix F.3.2 TEI
- Appendix G Deprecations
- Appendix G.1 Items Scheduled to be Removed
- Appendix H Prefatory Notes
- Appendix H.1 Prefatory Note (March 2002)
- Appendix H.2 Introductory Note (November 2001)
- Appendix H.3 Introductory Note (June 2001)
- Appendix H.4 Introductory Note (May 1999)
- Appendix H.4.1 Typographic Corrections Made
- Appendix H.4.2 Specific Changes in the DTD
- Appendix H.4.3 Outstanding Errors
- Appendix H.5 Preface (April 1994)
- Appendix H.6 Acknowledgments
- Appendix H.6.1 TEI Working Committees (1990-1993)
- Appendix H.6.2 Advisory Board
- Appendix H.6.3 Steering Committee Membership
- Appendix I Colophon
Text Body
- 1 The TEI Infrastructure
- 1.1 TEI Modules
- 1.2 Defining a TEI Schema
- 1.2.1 A Simple Customization
- 1.2.2 A Larger Customization
- 1.3 The TEI Class System
- 1.3.1 Attribute Classes
- 1.3.1.1 Global Attributes
- 1.3.2 Model Classes
- 1.3.2.1 Informal Element Classifications
- 1.3.1 Attribute Classes
- 1.4 Macros
- 1.4.1 Standard Content Models
- 1.4.2 Datatype Specifications
- 1.5 The TEI Infrastructure Module
- 2 The TEI Header
- 2.1 Organization of the TEI Header
- 2.2 The File Description
- 2.2.1 The Title Statement
- 2.2.2 The Edition Statement
- 2.2.3 Type and Extent of File
- 2.2.4 Publication, Distribution, Licensing, etc.
- 2.2.5 The Series Statement
- 2.2.6 The Notes Statement
- 2.2.7 The Source Description
- 2.2.8 TEI documents derived from other TEI documents
- 2.3 The Encoding Description
- 2.3.1 The Project Description
- 2.3.2 The Sampling Declaration
- 2.3.3 The Editorial Practices Declaration
- 2.3.4 The Tagging Declaration
- 2.3.5 The Default Style Definition Language Declaration
- 2.3.6 The Reference System Declaration
- 2.3.6.1 Prose Method
- 2.3.6.2 Search-and-Replace Method
- 2.3.6.3 Milestone Method
- 2.3.7 The Classification Declaration
- 2.3.8 The Geographic Coordinates Declaration
- 2.3.9 The Unit Declaration
- 2.3.10 The Schema Specification
- 2.3.11 The Application Information Element
- 2.3.12 Module-Specific Declarations
- 2.4 The Profile Description
- 2.4.1 Creation
- 2.4.2 Language Usage
- 2.4.3 The Text Classification
- 2.4.4 Abstracts
- 2.4.5 Calendar Description
- 2.4.6 Correspondence Description
- 2.5 Non-TEI Metadata
- 2.6 The Revision Description
- 2.7 Minimal and Recommended Headers
- 2.8 Note for Library Cataloguers
- 2.9 The TEI Header Module
- 3 Elements Available in All TEI Documents
- 3.1 Paragraphs
- 3.2 Treatment of Punctuation
- 3.2.1 Functions of Punctuation
- 3.2.2 Hyphenation
- 3.3 Highlighting and Quotation
- 3.3.1 What Is Highlighting?
- 3.3.2 Emphasis, Foreign Words, and Unusual Language
- 3.3.2.1 Foreign Words or Expressions
- 3.3.2.2 Emphatic Words and Phrases
- 3.3.2.3 Other Linguistically Distinct Material
- 3.3.3 Quotation
- 3.4 Terms and Glosses, Ruby Annotations, and Equivalents and Descriptions
- 3.4.1 Terms and Glosses
- 3.4.1.1 Some Further Examples
- 3.4.2 Ruby Annotations
- 3.4.3 Equivalents and Descriptions
- 3.4.1 Terms and Glosses
- 3.5 Simple Editorial Changes
- 3.6 Names, Numbers, Dates, Abbreviations, and Addresses
- 3.6.1 Referring Strings
- 3.6.2 Addresses
- 3.6.3 Numbers and Measures
- 3.6.4 Dates and Times
- 3.6.5 Abbreviations and Their Expansions
- 3.7 Simple Links and Cross-References
- 3.8 Lists
- 3.9 Notes, Annotation, and Indexing
- 3.9.1 Notes and Simple Annotation
- 3.9.1.1 Encoding Grouped Notes
- 3.9.2 Index Entries
- 3.9.2.1 Pre-existing Indexes
- 3.9.2.2 Auto-generated Indexes
- 3.9.1 Notes and Simple Annotation
- 3.10 Graphics and Other Non-textual Components
- 3.11 Reference Systems
- 3.11.1 Using the xml:id and n Attributes
- 3.11.2 Creating New Reference Systems
- 3.11.3 Milestone Elements
- 3.11.4 Declaring Reference Systems
- 3.12 Bibliographic Citations and References
- 3.12.1 Methods of Encoding Bibliographic References and Lists of References
- 3.12.2 Components of Bibliographic References
- 3.12.2.1 Analytic, Monographic, and Series Levels
- 3.12.2.2 Titles, Authors, and Editors
- 3.12.2.3 Document Identifiers
- 3.12.2.4 Imprint, Size of a Document, and Reprint Information
- 3.12.2.5 Scopes and Ranges in Bibliographic Citations
- 3.12.2.6 Series Information
- 3.12.2.7 Related Items
- 3.12.2.8 Notes and Statement of Language
- 3.12.2.9 Order of Components within References
- 3.12.3 Bibliographic Pointers
- 3.12.4 Relationship to Other Bibliographic Schemes
- 3.13 Passages of Verse or Drama
- 3.13.1 Core Tags for Verse
- 3.13.2 Core Tags for Drama
- 3.14 Overview of the Core Module
- 4 Default Text Structure
- 4.1 Divisions of the Body
- 4.1.1 Un-numbered Divisions
- 4.1.2 Numbered Divisions
- 4.1.3 Numbered or Un-numbered?
- 4.1.4 Partial and Composite Divisions
- 4.2 Elements Common to All Divisions
- 4.2.1 Headings and Trailers
- 4.2.2 Openers and Closers
- 4.2.3 Arguments, Epigraphs, and Postscripts
- 4.2.4 Content of Textual Divisions
- 4.3 Grouped and Floating Texts
- 4.3.1 Grouped Texts
- 4.3.2 Floating Texts
- 4.4 Virtual Divisions
- 4.5 Front Matter
- 4.6 Title Pages
- 4.7 Back Matter
- 4.8 Module for Default Text Structure
- 4.1 Divisions of the Body
- 5 Characters, Glyphs, and Writing Modes
- 5.1 Is Your Journey Really Necessary?
- 5.2 Markup Constructs for Representation of Characters and Glyphs
- 5.2.1 Character Properties
- 5.3 Annotating Characters
- 5.4 Adding New Characters
- 5.5 How to Use Code Points from the Private Use Area
- 5.6 Writing Modes
- 5.7 Examples of Different Writing Modes
- 5.8 Text Rotation
- 5.9 Caveat
- 5.10 Formal Definition
- 6 Verse
- 7 Performance Texts
- 7.1 Front and Back Matter
- 7.1.1 The Set Element
- 7.1.2 Prologues and Epilogues
- 7.1.3 Records of Performances
- 7.1.4 Cast Lists
- 7.2 The Body of a Performance Text
- 7.2.1 Major Structural Divisions
- 7.2.2 Speeches and Speakers
- 7.2.3 Grouped Speeches
- 7.2.4 Stage Directions
- 7.2.5 Speech Contents
- 7.2.6 Embedded Structures
- 7.2.7 Simultaneous Action
- 7.3 Other Types of Performance Text
- 7.3.1 Technical Information
- 7.4 Module for Performance Texts
- 7.1 Front and Back Matter
- 8 Transcriptions of Speech
- 8.1 General Considerations and Overview
- 8.2 Documenting the Source of Transcribed Speech
- 8.3 Elements Unique to Spoken Texts
- 8.3.1 Utterances
- 8.3.2 Pausing
- 8.3.3 Vocal, Kinesic, Incident
- 8.3.4 Writing
- 8.3.5 Temporal Information
- 8.3.6 Shifts
- 8.4 Elements Defined Elsewhere
- 8.4.1 Segmentation
- 8.4.2 Synchronization and Overlap
- 8.4.3 Regularization of Word Forms
- 8.4.4 Prosody
- 8.4.5 Speech Management
- 8.4.6 Analytic Coding
- 8.5 Module for Transcribed Speech
- 9 Dictionaries
- 9.1 Dictionary Body and Overall Structure
- 9.2 The Structure of Dictionary Entries
- 9.2.1 Hierarchical Levels
- 9.2.2 Groups and Constituents
- 9.3 Top-level Constituents of Entries
- 9.3.1 Information on Written and Spoken Forms
- 9.3.2 Grammatical Information
- 9.3.3 Sense Information
- 9.3.3.1 Definitions
- 9.3.3.2 Translation Equivalents
- 9.3.4 Etymological Information
- 9.3.5 Other Information
- 9.3.5.1 Examples
- 9.3.5.2 Usage Information and Other Labels
- 9.3.5.3 Cross-References to Other Entries
- 9.3.5.4 Notes within Entries
- 9.3.6 Related Entries
- 9.4 Headword and Pronunciation References
- 9.5 Typographic and Lexical Information in Dictionary Data
- 9.5.1 Editorial View
- 9.5.2 Lexical View
- 9.5.3 Retaining Both Views
- 9.6 Unstructured Entries
- 9.7 The Dictionary Module
- 10 Manuscript Description
- 10.1 Overview
- 10.2 The Manuscript Description Element
- 10.3 Phrase-level Elements
- 10.3.1 Origination
- 10.3.2 Material and Object Type
- 10.3.3 Watermarks and Stamps
- 10.3.4 Dimensions
- 10.3.5 References to Locations within a Manuscript
- 10.3.5.1 Identifying a Location
- 10.3.5.2 Linking a Location to a Transcription or an Image
- 10.3.5.3 Using Multiple Location Schemes
- 10.3.6 Names of Persons, Places, and Organizations
- 10.3.7 Catchwords, Signatures, Secundo Folio
- 10.3.8 Heraldry
- 10.4 The Manuscript Identifier
- 10.5 The Manuscript Heading
- 10.6 Intellectual Content
- 10.6.1 The msItem and msItemStruct Elements
- 10.6.2 Authors and Titles
- 10.6.3 Rubrics, Incipits, Explicits, and Other Quotations from the Text
- 10.6.4 Filiation
- 10.6.5 Text Classification
- 10.6.6 Languages and Writing Systems
- 10.7 Physical Description
- 10.7.1 Object Description
- 10.7.2 Writing, Decoration, and Other Notations
- 10.7.2.1 Writing
- 10.7.2.2 Decoration
- 10.7.2.3 Musical Notation
- 10.7.2.4 Additions and Marginalia
- 10.7.3 Bindings, Seals, and Additional Material
- 10.7.3.1 Binding Descriptions
- 10.7.3.2 Seals
- 10.7.3.3 Accompanying Material
- 10.8 History
- 10.9 Additional Information
- 10.9.1 Administrative Information
- 10.9.1.1 Record History
- 10.9.1.2 Availability and Custodial History
- 10.9.2 Surrogates
- 10.9.1 Administrative Information
- 10.10 Manuscript Parts
- 10.11 Manuscript Fragments
- 10.12 Module for Manuscript Description
- 11 Representation of Primary Sources
- 11.1 Digital Facsimiles
- 11.2 Combining Transcription with Facsimile
- 11.2.1 Parallel Transcription
- 11.2.2 Embedded Transcription
- 11.2.2.1 Advanced Uses of surface and zone
- 11.3 Scope of Transcriptions
- 11.3.1 Altered, Corrected, and Erroneous Texts
- 11.3.1.1 Core Elements for Transcriptional Work
- 11.3.1.2 Abbreviation and Expansion
- 11.3.1.3 Correction and Conjecture
- 11.3.1.4 Additions and Deletions
- 11.3.1.5 Substitutions
- 11.3.1.6 Cancellation of Deletions and Other Markings
- 11.3.1.7 Text Omitted from or Supplied in the Transcription
- 11.3.2 Hands and Responsibility
- 11.3.2.1 Document Hands
- 11.3.2.2 Hand, Responsibility, and Certainty Attributes
- 11.3.3 Damage and Conjecture
- 11.3.4 Marking up the Writing Process
- 11.3.4.1 Generic Modification
- 11.3.4.2 Metamarks
- 11.3.4.3 Fixation and Clarification
- 11.3.4.4 Confirmation, Cancellation, and Reinstatement of Modifications
- 11.3.4.5 Transpositions
- 11.3.4.6 Alternative Readings
- 11.3.4.7 Instant Corrections
- 11.3.1 Altered, Corrected, and Erroneous Texts
- 11.4 Aspects of Layout
- 11.5 Transcription and Ruby
- 11.6 Headers, Footers, and Similar Matter
- 11.7 Identifying Changes and Revisions
- 11.8 Other Primary Source Features not Covered in these Guidelines
- 11.9 Module for Transcription of Primary Sources
- 12 Critical Apparatus
- 12.1 The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses
- 12.1.1 The Apparatus Entry
- 12.1.2 Readings
- 12.1.3 Indicating Subvariation in Apparatus Entries
- 12.1.4 Witness Information
- 12.1.4.1 Witness Detail Information
- 12.1.4.2 Witness Information in the Source
- 12.1.4.3 The Witness List
- 12.1.5 Fragmentary Witnesses
- 12.2 Linking the Apparatus to the Text
- 12.2.1 The Location-referenced Method
- 12.2.2 The Double End-Point Attachment Method
- 12.2.3 The Parallel Segmentation Method
- 12.2.4 Other Linking Methods
- 12.3 Using Apparatus Elements in Transcriptions
- 12.4 Strategies for Encoding Variation
- 12.5 Module for Critical Apparatus
- 12.1 The Apparatus Entry, Readings, and Witnesses
- 13 Names, Dates, People, and Places
- 13.1 Attribute Classes Defined by This Module
- 13.1.1 Linking Names and Their Referents
- 13.1.2 Dating Attributes
- 13.2 Names
- 13.2.1 Personal Names
- 13.2.2 Organizational Names
- 13.2.3 Place Names
- 13.2.3.1 Geo-political Place Names
- 13.2.3.2 Geographic Names
- 13.2.3.3 Relative Place Names
- 13.2.4 Event Names
- 13.2.5 Object Names
- 13.3 Biographical and Prosopographical Data
- 13.3.1 Basic Principles
- 13.3.2 The Person Element
- 13.3.2.1 Personal Characteristics
- 13.3.2.2 Personal Events
- 13.3.2.3 Personal Relationships
- 13.3.3 Organizational Data
- 13.3.4 Places
- 13.3.4.1 Varieties of Location
- 13.3.4.2 Multiple Places
- 13.3.4.3 States, Traits, and Events
- 13.3.4.4 Relations Between Places
- 13.3.5 Events
- 13.3.6 Objects
- 13.3.7 Names and Nyms
- 13.4 Dates
- 13.4.1 Relative Dates and Times
- 13.4.2 Absolute Dates and Times
- 13.4.3 More Expressive Normalizations
- 13.4.4 Using Non-Gregorian Calendars
- 13.5 Module for Names and Dates
- 13.1 Attribute Classes Defined by This Module
- 14 Tables, Formulæ, Graphics, and Notated Music
- 14.1 Tables
- 14.1.1 TEI Tables
- 14.1.2 Other Table Schemas
- 14.2 Formulæ and Mathematical Expressions
- 14.3 Notated Music in Written Text
- 14.4 Specific Elements for Graphic Images
- 14.5 Overview of Basic Graphics Concepts
- 14.6 Graphic Image Formats
- 14.6.1 Vector Graphic Formats
- 14.6.2 Raster Graphic Formats
- 14.6.3 Photographic and Motion Video Formats
- 14.7 Module for Tables, Formulæ, Notated Music, and Graphics
- 14.1 Tables
- 15 Language Corpora
- 15.1 Varieties of Composite Text
- 15.2 Contextual Information
- 15.2.1 The Text Description
- 15.2.2 The Participant Description
- 15.2.3 The Setting Description
- 15.3 Associating Contextual Information with a Text
- 15.3.1 Combining Corpus and Text Headers
- 15.3.2 Declarable Elements
- 15.3.3 Summary
- 15.4 Linguistic Annotation of Corpora
- 15.4.1 Levels of Analysis
- 15.5 Recommendations for the Encoding of Large Corpora
- 15.6 Module for Language Corpora
- 16 Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment
- 16.1 Links
- 16.1.1 Pointers and Links
- 16.1.2 Using Pointers and Links
- 16.1.3 Groups of Links
- 16.1.4 Intermediate Pointers
- 16.2 Pointing Mechanisms
- 16.2.1 Pointing Elsewhere
- 16.2.2 Pointing Locally
- 16.2.3 Using Abbreviated Pointers
- 16.2.4 TEI XPointer Schemes
- 16.2.4.1 Introduction to TEI Pointers
- 16.2.4.2 xpath()
- 16.2.4.3 left()
- 16.2.4.4 right()
- 16.2.4.5 string-index()
- 16.2.4.6 range()
- 16.2.4.7 string-range()
- 16.2.4.8 match()
- 16.2.5 Canonical References
- 16.2.5.1 Worked Example
- 16.2.5.2 Complete and Partial URI Examples
- 16.2.5.3 Miscellaneous Usages
- 16.2.5.4 Citation Structures
- 16.3 Blocks, Segments, and Anchors
- 16.4 Synchronization
- 16.5 Correspondence and Alignment
- 16.5.1 Correspondence
- 16.5.2 Alignment of Parallel Texts
- 16.5.3 A Three-way Alignment
- 16.6 Identical Elements and Virtual Copies
- 16.7 Aggregation
- 16.8 Alternation
- 16.9 Stand-off Markup
- 16.9.1 Introduction
- 16.9.2 Overview of XInclude
- 16.9.3 Stand-off Markup in TEI
- 16.9.4 Well-formedness and Validity of Stand-off Markup
- 16.9.5 Including Text or XML Fragments
- 16.10 The standOff Container
- 16.11 Annotations
- 16.12 Connecting Analytic and Textual Markup
- 16.13 Module for Linking, Segmentation, and Alignment
- 16.1 Links
- 17 Simple Analytic Mechanisms
- 18 Feature Structures
- 18.1 Organization of this Chapter
- 18.2 Elementary Feature Structures and the Binary Feature Value
- 18.3 Other Atomic Feature Values
- 18.4 Feature Libraries and Feature-Value Libraries
- 18.5 Feature Structures as Complex Feature Values
- 18.6 Re-entrant Feature Structures
- 18.7 Collections as Complex Feature Values
- 18.8 Feature Value Expressions
- 18.8.1 Alternation
- 18.8.2 Negation
- 18.8.3 Collection of Values
- 18.9 Default Values
- 18.10 Linking Text and Analysis
- 18.11 Feature System Declaration
- 18.11.1 Linking a TEI Text to Feature System Declarations
- 18.11.2 The Overall Structure of a Feature System Declaration
- 18.11.3 Feature Declarations
- 18.11.4 Feature Structure Constraints
- 18.11.5 A Complete Example
- 18.12 Formal Definition and Implementation
- 19 Graphs, Networks, and Trees
- 19.1 Graphs and Digraphs
- 19.1.1 Transition Networks
- 19.1.2 Family Trees
- 19.1.3 Historical Interpretation
- 19.2 Trees
- 19.3 Another Tree Notation
- 19.4 Representing Textual Transmission
- 19.5 Module for Graphs, Networks, and Trees
- 19.1 Graphs and Digraphs
- 20 Non-hierarchical Structures
- 21 Certainty, Precision, and Responsibility
- 21.1 Levels of Certainty
- 21.1.1 Using Notes to Record Uncertainty
- 21.1.2 Structured Indications of Uncertainty
- 21.1.2.1 Contingent Conditions
- 21.1.2.2 Pervasive Conditions
- 21.1.2.3 Content Uncertainty
- 21.1.2.4 Target or Match?
- 21.2 Indications of Precision
- 21.3 Attribution of Responsibility
- 21.4 The Certainty Module
- 21.1 Levels of Certainty
- 22 Documentation Elements
- 22.1 Phrase Level Documentary Elements
- 22.1.1 Phrase Level Terms
- 22.1.2 Element and Attribute Descriptions
- 22.2 Modules and Schemas
- 22.3 Specification Elements
- 22.4 Common Elements
- 22.4.1 Description of Components
- 22.4.2 Exemplification of Components
- 22.4.3 Classification of Components
- 22.5 Element Specifications
- 22.5.1 Defining Content Models
- 22.5.1.1 Defining Content Models: TEI
- 22.5.1.2 Defining Content Models: RELAX NG
- 22.5.2 Additional Constraints
- 22.5.3 Attribute List Specification
- 22.5.3.1 Datatypes
- 22.5.3.2 Value Specification
- 22.5.4 Processing Models
- 22.5.4.1 The TEI processing model
- 22.5.4.2 Output Rendition
- 22.5.4.3 CSS Class
- 22.5.4.4 Model Contexts and Outputs
- 22.5.4.5 Behaviours and their parameters
- 22.5.4.6 Outputs
- 22.5.4.7 Model sequence
- 22.5.4.8 Defining a processing model
- 22.5.4.9 Implementation of Processing Models
- 22.5.1 Defining Content Models
- 22.6 Class Specifications
- 22.7 Macro Specifications
- 22.8 Building a TEI Schema
- 22.8.1 TEI customizations
- 22.8.2 Combining TEI and Non-TEI Modules
- 22.8.3 Linking Schemas to XML Documents
- 22.9 Module for Documentation Elements
- 22.1 Phrase Level Documentary Elements
- 23 Using the TEI
- 23.1 Serving TEI files with the TEI Media Type
- 23.2 Obtaining the TEI
- 23.3 Customization
- 23.3.1 Kinds of Modification
- 23.3.1.1 Deletion of Elements
- 23.3.1.2 Modification of Content Models
- 23.3.1.3 Modification of Attribute and Attribute Value Lists
- 23.3.1.4 Class Modification
- 23.3.1.5 Addition of New Elements
- 23.3.1.6 Renaming of Elements
- 23.3.2 Modification and Namespaces
- 23.3.3 Documenting the Modification
- 23.3.4 Examples of Modification
- 23.3.1 Kinds of Modification
- 23.4 Conformance
- 23.4.1 Well-formedness Criterion
- 23.4.2 Validation Constraint
- 23.4.3 Conformance to the TEI Abstract Model
- 23.4.3.1 Semantic Constraints
- 23.4.3.2 Mandatory Components of a TEI Document
- 23.4.4 Use of the TEI Namespace
- 23.4.5 Documentation Constraint
- 23.4.6 Varieties of TEI Conformance
- 23.5 Implementation of an ODD System
- 23.5.1 Making a Unified ODD
- 23.5.2 Generating Schemas
- 23.5.3 Names and Documentation in Generated Schemas
- 23.5.4 Making a RELAX NG Schema
- 23.5.5 Making a DTD
- 23.5.6 Generating Documentation
- 23.5.7 Using TEI Parameterized Schema Fragments
- 23.5.7.1 Selection of Modules
- 23.5.7.2 Inclusion and Exclusion of Elements
- 23.5.7.3 Changing the Names of Generic Identifiers
- 23.5.7.4 Embedding Local Modifications (DTD only)