FACTORS Statement
- FACTORS factor-selections < / NOPRINT >
;
The FACTORS statement specifies the
factors of the plan and generates the plan.
Taken together, the factor-selections specify the
plan to be generated; more than one factor-selection
request can be used in a FACTORS statement.
The form of a factor-selection is
- name=m < OF n >
< selection-type >
where
- name
- is a valid SAS name.
This gives the name of a factor in the design.
- m
- is a positive integer that gives
the number of values to be selected.
If n is specified, the value of m
must be less than or equal to n.
- n
- is a positive integer that gives the
number of values to be selected from.
- selection-type
- specifies one of five methods for selecting m values.
Possible values are COMB, CYCLIC, ORDERED, PERM or RANDOM.
The CYCLIC selection-type has additional
optional specifications that enable you to specify
an initial block of numbers to be cyclically
permuted and an increment used to permute the numbers.
By default, the selection-type is RANDOM, unless
you use the ORDERED option in the PROC PLAN statement.
In this case, the default selection-type is ORDERED.
For details, see the following section,
"Selection-Types";
for examples, see the
"Syntax Examples" section.
The following option can appear in
the FACTORS statement after the slash:
- NOPRINT
-
suppresses the display of the plan.
This is particularly useful when
you require only an output data set.
Note that this option temporarily disables the
Output Delivery System (ODS);
see Chapter 15, "Using the Output Delivery System," for more information.
PROC PLAN interprets selection-type as follows:
- RANDOM
- selects the m levels of the factor randomly
without replacement from the integers 1,2, ... ,n.
Or, if n is not specified, RANDOM selects levels by
randomly ordering the integers 1,2, ... ,m.
- ORDERED
- selects the levels of the factor as the
integers 1,2, ... ,m, in that order.
- PERM
- selects the m levels of the factor as a permutation
of the integers 1, ... m according to an algorithm
that cycles through all m! permutations.
The permutations are produced in a sorted
standard order; see Example 50.6.
- COMB
- selects the m levels of the factor as a combination
of the integers 1, ... ,n taken m at a time, according
to an algorithm that cycles through all n!/(m!(n-m)!)
combinations.
The combinations are produced in a sorted
standard order; see Example 50.6.
- CYCLIC <(initial-block) >< increment>
-
selects the levels of the factor by cyclically
permuting the integers 1,2, ... ,n.
Wrapping occurs at m if n is not
specified, and at n if n is specified.
Additional optional specifications are as follows:
With the selection-type CYCLIC, you can optionally
specify an initial-block and an increment.
The initial-block must be specified within
parentheses, and it specifies the block of numbers to permute.
The first permutation is the block you specify,
the second is the block permuted by 1 (or by the
increment you specify), and so on.
By default, the initial-block is the integers 1,2, ... ,m.
If you specify an initial-block, it must have m values.
Values specified in the initial-block
do not have to be given in increasing order.
The increment specifies the increment
by which to permute the block of numbers.
By default, the increment is 1.
This section gives some simple syntax examples. For more complex
examples and details on how to generate various designs, see
the "Specifying Factor Structures" section. The examples in this section assume that you use the
default random selection method and do not use the ORDERED option in
the PROC PLAN statement.
The following specification
generates a random permutation of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
factors A=5;
The following specification
generates a random permutation of 5 of the
integers from 1 to 8, selected without replacement.
factors A=5 of 8;
Adding the ORDERED selection-type
to the two previous specifications
generates an ordered list of the integers 1 to 5.
The following specification
cyclically permutes the integers 1, 2, 3, and 4.
factors A=4 cyclic;
Since this simple request generates only one
permutation of the numbers, the procedure
generates an ordered list of the integers 1 to 4.
The following specification
cyclically permutes the integers 5 to 8.
factors A=4 of 8 cyclic (5 6 7 8);
In this case, since only one permutation is performed, the
procedure generates an ordered list of the integers 5 to 8.
The following specification
produces an ordered list for A, with values 1 and 2.
factors A=2 ordered B=4 of 8 cyclic (5 6 7 8) 2;
The associated factor levels for B are 5, 6, 7, 8
for level 1 of A; and 7, 8, 1, 2 for level 2 of A.
Handling More than One Factor-Selection
For cases with more than one factor-selection in the same FACTORS
statement, PROC PLAN constructs the design as follows:
- PROC PLAN first generates levels for the
first factor-selection.
These levels are permutations of integers (1, 2, and
so on) appropriate for the selection type chosen.
If you do not specify a selection type, PROC PLAN uses
the default (RANDOM); if you specify the
ORDERED option in the PROC PLAN statement, the procedure
uses ORDERED as the default selection type.
- For every integer generated for the first factor-selection,
levels are generated for the second factor-selection.
These levels are generated according to the
specifications following the second equal sign.
- This process is repeated until levels
for all factor-selections have been generated.
The following statements give an example of
generating a design with two random factors:
proc plan;
factors One=4 Two=3;
run;
The procedure first generates a random permutation
of the integers 1 to 4 and then, for each of these,
generates a random permutation of the integers 1 to 3.
You can think of factor Two as being nested
within factor One, where the levels of factor
One are to be randomly assigned to 4 units.
As another example, six random permutations of the
numbers 1, 2, 3 can be generated by specifying
proc plan;
factors a=6 ordered b=3;
run;
Copyright © 1999 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.