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PUT

Valid:	in a DATA step
Category:	File-handling
Type:	Executable

Without Arguments

The PUT statement without arguments is called a null PUT statement.

The null PUT statement

• writes the current output line to the current file, even if the current output line is blank.

• releases an output line that is being held by a previous PUT statement with a trailing @.

See:	Using Line-hold Specifiers
Featured in:	Holding and Releasing Output Lines

Arguments

specification

specifies what is written, how it is written, and where it is written. This can include

variable

names the variable whose value is written.

Note:   Beginning with Version 7, you can specify column-mapped Output Delivery System variables in the PUT statement. This functionality is described briefly here in _ODS_, but documented more completely in PUT, _ODS_ . For more information, see The Complete Guide to the SAS Output Delivery System.  

(variable-list)

specifies a list of variables whose values are written.

Requirement:	The (format-list) must follow the (variable-list).
See:	PUT, Formatted

'character-string'

specifies a string of text, enclosed in quotation marks, to write.

Tip:	To write a hexadecimal string in EBCDIC or ASCII, follow the ending quotation mark with an x.
See Also:	List Output
Example:	This statement writes HELLO when the hexadecimal string is converted to ASCII characters: put '68656C6C6F'x;

n*

specifies to repeat n times the subsequent character string.

Example:	This statement writes a line of 132 underscores. put 132*'_';
Featured in:	Underlining Text

pointer-control

moves the output pointer to a specified line or column in the output buffer.

See:	Column Pointer Controls and Line Pointer Controls

column-specifications

specifies which columns of the output line the values are written.

See:	Column Output
Featured in:	Moving the Pointer within a Page

format.

specifies a format to use when the variable values are written.

See:	Formatted Output
Featured in:	Using Multiple Output Styles in One PUT Statement

(format-list)

specifies a list of formats to use when the values of the preceding list of variables are written.

Restriction:	The (format-list) must follow the (variable-list).
See:	PUT, Formatted

_INFILE_

writes the last input data record that is read either from the current input file or from the data lines that follow a DATELINES statement.

Tip:	_INFILE_ is a pseudo-variable that references the current INPUT buffer. You can use this pseudo-variable in other SAS statements.
Tip:	If the most recent INPUT statement uses line-pointer controls to read multiple input data records, PUT _INFILE_ writes only the record that the input pointer is positioned on.
Example:	This PUT statement writes all the values of the first input data record: input #3 score #1 name $ 6-23; put _infile_;
Featured in:	Writing the Current Input Record to the Log

_ALL_

writes the values of all variables, which includes automatic variables, that are defined in the current DATA step by using named output.

See:	Named Output

_ODS_

moves data values for all columns (as defined by the ODS option in the FILE statement) into a special buffer, from which it is eventually written to the data component. The ODS option in the FILE statement defines the structure of the data component that holds the results of the DATA step.

Restriction:	Use _ODS_ only if you have previously specified the ODS option in the FILE statement.
Tip:	You can use the _ODS_ specification in conjunction with variable specifications and column pointers, and it can appear anywhere in a PUT statement.
Interaction:	_ODS_ writes data into a specific column only if a PUT statement has not already specified a variable for that column with a column pointer. That is, a variable specification for a column overrides the _ODS_ option.
See:	PUT, _ODS_ and The Complete Guide to the SAS Output Delivery System

@|@@

holds an output line for the execution of the next PUT statement even across iterations of the DATA step. These line-hold specifiers are called trailing @ and double trailing @.

Restriction:	The trailing @ or double trailing @ must be the last item in the PUT statement.
Tip:	Use an @ or @@ to hold the pointer at its current location. The next PUT statement that executes writes to the same output line rather than to a new output line.
See:	Using Line-hold Specifiers
Featured in:	Holding and Releasing Output Lines

Column Pointer Controls

@n

moves the pointer to column n.

Range:	a positive integer
Example:	@15 moves the pointer to column 15 before the value of NAME is written: put @15 name $10.;
Featured in:	Moving the Pointer within a Page and Underlining Text

@numeric-variable

moves the pointer to the column given by the value of numeric-variable.

Range:	a positive integer
Tip:	If n is not an integer, SAS truncates the decimal portion and uses only the integer value. If n is zero or negative, the pointer moves to column 1.
Example:	The value of the variable A moves the pointer to column 15 before the value of NAME is written: a=15; put @a name $10.;
Featured in:	Moving the Pointer within a Page

@(expression)

moves the pointer to the column that is given by the value of expression.

Range:	a positive integer
Tip:	If the value of expression is not an integer, SAS truncates the decimal value and uses only the integer value. If it is zero, the pointer moves to column 1.
Example:	The result of the expression moves the pointer to column 15 before the value of NAME is written: b=5; put @(b*3) name $10.;

+n

moves the pointer n columns.

Range:	a positive integer or zero
Tip:	If n is not an integer, SAS truncates the decimal portion and uses only the integer value.
Example:	This statement moves the pointer to column 23, writes a value of LENGTH in columns 23 through 26, advances the pointer five columns, and writes the value of WIDTH in columns 32 through 35: put @23 length 4. +5 width 4.;

+numeric-variable

moves the pointer the number of columns given by the value of numeric-variable.

Range:

a positive or negative integer or zero

Tip:

If numeric-variable is not an integer, SAS truncates the decimal value and uses only the integer value. If numeric-variable is negative, the pointer moves backward. If the current column position becomes less than 1, the pointer moves to column 1. If the value is zero, the pointer does not move. If the value is greater than the length of the output buffer, the current line is written out and the pointer moves to column 1 on the next line.

+(expression)

moves the pointer the number of columns given by expression.

Range:	expression must result in an integer
Tip:	If expression is not an integer, SAS truncates the decimal value and uses only the integer value. If expression is negative, the pointer moves backward. If the current column position becomes less than 1, the pointer moves to column 1. If the value is zero, the pointer does not move. If the value is greater than the length of the output buffer, the current line is written out and the pointer moves to column 1 on the next line.
Featured in:	Moving the Pointer within a Page

Line Pointer Controls

#n

moves the pointer to line n.

Range:	a positive integer
Example:	The #2 moves the pointer to the second line before the value of ID is written in columns 3 and 4: put @12 name $10. #2 id 3-4;

#numeric-variable

moves the pointer to the line given by the value of numeric-variable.

Range:	a positive integer.
Tip:	If the value of numeric-variable is not an integer, SAS truncates the decimal value and uses only the integer value.

#(expression)

moves the pointer to the line that is given by the value of expression.

Range:	Expression must result in a positive integer.
Tip:	If the value of expression is not an integer, SAS truncates the decimal value and uses only the integer value.

/

advances the pointer to column 1 of the next line.

Example:	The values for NAME and AGE are written on one line, and then the pointer moves to the second line to write the value of ID in columns 3 and 4: put name age / id 3-4;
Featured in:	Moving the Pointer to a New Page

OVERPRINT

causes the values that follow the keyword OVERPRINT to print on the most recently written output line.

Requirement:	You must direct the output to a print file. Set the N= option in the FILE statement to 1 and direct the PUT statements to a print file.
Tip:	OVERPRINT has no effect on lines that are written to a display.
Tip:	Use OVERPRINT in combination with column pointer and line pointer controls to overprint text.
Example:	This statement overprints underscores, starting in column 15, which underlines the title: put @15 'Report Title' overprint @15 '____________';
Featured in:	Underlining Text

_BLANKPAGE_

advances the pointer to the first line of a new page, even when the pointer is positioned on the first line and the first column of a new page.

Tip:	If the current output file contains carriage control characters, _BLANKPAGE_ produces output lines that contain the appropriate carriage control character.
Featured in:	Moving the Pointer to a New Page

_PAGE_

advances the pointer to the first line of a new page. SAS automatically begins a new page when a line exceeds the current PAGESIZE= value.

Tip:	If the current output file is a print file, _PAGE_ produces an output line that contains the appropriate carriage control character. _PAGE_ has no effect on a nonprint file.
Featured in:	Moving the Pointer to a New Page

Details

When to Use PUT

Use the PUT statement to write lines to the SAS log, to the SAS procedure output file, or to an external file. If you do not execute a FILE statement before the PUT statement in the current iteration of a DATA step, SAS writes the lines to the SAS log. If you specify the PRINT option in the FILE statement, SAS writes the lines to the procedure output file.

The PUT statement can write lines that contain variable values, character strings, and hexadecimal character constants. With specifications in the PUT statement, you specify what to write, where to write it, and how to format it.

Output Styles

There are four ways to write variable values with the PUT statement:

• column

• list (simple and modified)

• formatted

• named.

Column Output

With column output, the column numbers follow the variable in the PUT statement. These numbers indicate where in the line to write the value:

put name 6-15 age 17-19;

----+----1----+----2----+
     Peterson    21
     Morgan      17

List Output

With list output, list the variables and character strings in the PUT statement in the order that you want to write them. For example, this PUT statement

put name age;

----+----1----+----2----+
Peterson 21
Morgan 17

Formatted Output

With formatted output, specify a SAS format or a user-written format after the variable name. The format gives instructions on how to write the variable value. Formats allow you to write in a nonstandard form, such as packed decimal, or numbers that contain special characters such as commas. For example, this PUT statement

put name $char10. age 2. +1 date mmddyy10.;

----+----1----+----2----+
Peterson  21 07/18/1999
Morgan    17 11/12/1999

Named Output

With named output, list the variable name followed by an equal sign. For example, this PUT statement

put name= age=;

----+----1----+----2----+
name=Peterson age=21
name=Morgan age=17

Using Multiple Output Styles in a Single PUT Statement

A PUT statement can combine any or all of the different output styles. For example,

put name 'on ' date mmddyy8. ' weighs '
    startwght +(-1) '.' idno= 40-45;

When you combine different output styles, it is important to understand the location of the output pointer after each value is written. For more information on the pointer location, see Pointer Location after a Value Is Written.

Pointer Controls

As SAS writes values with the PUT statement, it keeps track of its position with a pointer. The PUT statement provides three ways to control the movement of the pointer:

column pointer controls

reset the pointer's column position when the PUT statement starts to write the value to the output line.

line pointer controls

reset the pointer's line position when the PUT statement writes the value to the output line.

line-hold specifiers

hold a line in the output buffer so that another PUT statement can write to it. By default, the PUT statement releases the previous line and writes to a new line.

With column and line pointer controls, you can specify an absolute line number or column number to move the pointer or you can specify a column or line location that is relative to the current pointer position. Pointer Controls Available in the PUT Statement lists all pointer controls that are available with the PUT statement.

Pointer Controls Available in the PUT Statement

Pointer Controls		Relative	Absolute
column pointer controls		+n	@n
		+numeric-variable	@numeric-variable
		+(expression)	@(expression)
line pointer controls		/ , _PAGE_ , _BLANKPAGE_	#n #numeric-variable #(expression)
		OVERPRINT	none
line-hold specifiers		@	(not applicable)
		@@	(not applicable)

Note:   Always specify pointer controls before the variable for which they apply.  

See Pointer Location after a Value Is Written for more information on how SAS determines the pointer position.

Using Line-hold Specifiers

Line-hold specifiers keep the pointer on the current output line when

• more than one PUT statement writes to the same output line

• a PUT statement writes values from more than one observation to the same output line.

In the PUT statement, trailing @ and double trailing @@ produce the same effect. Unlike the INPUT statement, the PUT statement does not automatically release a line that is held by a trailing @ when the DATA step begins a new iteration. SAS releases the current output line that is held by a trailing @ or double trailing @ when it encounters:

• a PUT statement without a trailing @

• a PUT statement that uses _BLANKPAGE_ or _PAGE_

• the end of the current line (determined by the current value of the LRECL= or LINESIZE= option in the FILE statement, if specified, or the LINESIZE= system option)

• the end of the last iteration of the DATA step.

Using a trailing @ or double trailing @ can cause SAS to attempt to write past the current line length because the pointer value is unchanged when the next PUT statement executes. See When the Pointer Goes Past the End of a Line.

Pointer Location after a Value Is Written

Understanding the location of the output pointer after a value is written is important, especially if you combine output styles in a single PUT statement. The pointer location after a value is written depends on which output style you use and whether a character string or a variable is written. With column or formatted output, the pointer is set to the first column after the end of the field that is specified in the PUT statement. These two styles write only variable values.

With list output or named output, the pointer is positioned in the second column after a variable value because PUT skips a column automatically after each value is written. However, when a PUT statement uses list output to write a character string, the pointer is positioned in the first column after the string. If you do not use a line pointer control or column output after a character string is written, add a blank space to the end of the character string to separate it from the next value.

After an _INFILE_ specification, the pointer is located in the first column after the record written from the current input file.

When the output pointer is in the upper left corner of a page,

• PUT _BLANKPAGE_ writes a blank page and moves the pointer to the top of the next page.

• PUT _PAGE_ leaves the pointer in the same position.

You can determine the current location of the pointer by examining the variables that are specified with the COLUMN= option and the LINE= option in the FILE statement.

When the Pointer Goes Past the End of a Line

SAS does not write an output line that is longer than the current output line length. The line length of the current output file is determined by

• the value of the LINESIZE= option in the current FILE statement

• the value of the LINESIZE= system option (for print files)

• the LRECL= option in the current FILE statement (for nonprint files).

• a + pointer control with a value that moves the pointer to a column beyond the current line length

• a column range that exceeds the current line length (for example, PUT X 90 - 100 when the current line length is 80)

• a variable value or character string that does not fit in the space that remains on the current output line.

Arrays

You can use the PUT statement to write an array element. The subscript is any SAS expression that results in an integer when the PUT statement executes. You can use an array reference in a numeric-variable construction with a pointer control if you enclose the reference in parentheses, as shown here:

• @(array-name{i})

• +(array-name{i})

• #(array-name{i})

Use the array subscript asterisk (*) to write all elements of a previously defined array to a file. SAS allows single- or multidimensional arrays, but it does not permit a _TEMPORARY_ array. Enclose the subscript in braces, brackets, or parentheses, and print the array using list, column, formatted, or named output. With list output, the form of this statement is

PUT array-name{*};

PUT array-name{*}(format|format.list)

Comparisons

• The PUT statement writes variable values and character strings to the SAS log or to an external file while the INPUT statement reads raw data in external files or data lines entered instream.

• Both the INPUT and the PUT statements use the trailing @ and double trailing @ line-hold specifiers to hold the current line in the input or output buffer, respectively. In an INPUT statement, a double trailing @ holds a line in the input buffer from one iteration of the DATA step to the next. In a PUT statement, however, a trailing @ has the same effect as a double trailing @; both hold a line across iterations of the DATA step.

• Both the PUT and OUTPUT statements create output in a DATA step. The PUT statement uses an output buffer and writes output lines to a file, the SAS log, or your display. The OUTPUT statement uses the program data vector and writes observations to a SAS data set.

Examples

Example 1: Using Multiple Output Styles in One PUT Statement

This example uses several output styles in a single PUT statement:

options yearcutoff= 1920;   

data club1;
   input idno name $ startwght date : date7.;
   put name 'on ' date mmddyy8. ' weighs '
       startwght +(-1) '.' idno= 32-40;
   datalines;
032 David 180 25nov99
049 Amelia 145 25nov99
219 Alan 210 12nov99
;

The values for ...		Are written with ...
NAME, STARTWGHT		list output
DATE		formatted output
IDNO		named output

The PUT statement also uses pointer controls and specifies both character strings and variable names.

The program writes the following lines to the SAS log:(footnote 2)

----+----1----+----2----+----3----+----4
David on 11/25/99 weighs 180.  idno=1032
Amelia on 11/25/99 weighs 145. idno=1049
Alan on 11/12/99 weighs 210.   idno=1219

Example 2: Moving the Pointer within a Page

These PUT statements show how to use column and line pointer controls to position the output pointer.

• To move the pointer to a specific column, use @ followed by the column number, variable, or expression whose value is that column number. For example, this statement moves the pointer to column 15 and writes the value of TOTAL SALES using list output:

  put @15 totalsales;

  This PUT statement moves the pointer to the value that is specified in COLUMN and writes the value of TOTALSALES with the COMMA6 format:

  data _null_;
     set carsales;
     column=15;
     put @column totalsales comma6.;
  run;

• This program shows two techniques to move the pointer backward:

  data carsales;
     input item $10. jan : comma5.
           feb : comma5. mar : comma5.;
     saleqtr1=sum(jan,feb,mar);
  /* an expression moves pointer backward */
     put '1st qtr sales for ' item
         'is ' saleqtr1 : comma6. +(-1) '.';
  /* a numeric variable with a negative
      value moves pointer backward.      */
     x=-1;
     put '1st qtr sales for ' item
         'is ' saleqtr1 : comma5. +x '.';
     datalines;
  trucks         1,382     2,789     3,556
  vans           1,265     2,543     3,987
  sedans         2,391     3,011     3,658
  ;

  Because the value of SALEQTR1 is written with modified list output, the pointer moves automatically two spaces. For more information, see How Modified List Output and Formatted Output Differ. To remove the unwanted blank that occurs between the value and the period, move the pointer backward by one space.

  The program writes the following lines to the SAS log:

  ----+----1----+----2----+----3----+----4
  st qtr sales for trucks is 7,727.
  st qtr sales for trucks is 7,727.
  st qtr sales for vans is 7,795.
  st qtr sales for vans is 7,795.
  st qtr sales for sedans is 9,060.
  st qtr sales for sedans is 9,060.

• This program uses a PUT statement with the / line pointer control to advance to the next output line:

  data _null_;
     set carsales end=lastrec;
     totalsales+saleqtr1;
     if lastrec then
       put @2 'Total Sales for 1st Qtr'
           / totalsales 10-15;
  run;

  After the DATA steps calculates TOTALSALES using all the observations in the CARSALES data set, the PUT statement executes. It writes a character string beginning in column 2 and moves the next line to write the value of TOTALSALES in columns 10 through 15:

  ----+----1----+----2----+----3
   Total Sales for 1st Qtr
            24582

Example 3: Moving the Pointer to a New Page

This example creates a data set called STATEPOP, which contains information from the 1990 U.S. census about the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. It executes the FORMAT procedure to group the 50 states and the District of Columbia into four regions. It then uses the IF and the PUT statements to control the printed output.

options pagesize=24 linesize=64 nodate pageno=1;

title1;

data statepop;
   input state $ cityp90 ncityp90 region @@;
   label cityp90= '1990 metropolitan population 
                        (million)'
         ncityp90='1990 nonmetropolitan population
                        (million)'
         region=  'Geographic region';
   datalines;
ME    .443    .785  1   NH    .659    .450  1
VT    .152    .411  1   MA   5.788    .229  1
RI    .938    .065  1   CT   3.148    .140  1
NY  16.515   1.475  1   NJ   7.730     .A   1
PA  10.083   1.799  1   DE    .553    .113  2
MD   4.439    .343  2   DC    .607      .   2
VA   4.773   1.414  2   WV    .748   1.045  2
NC   4.376   2.253  2   SC   2.423   1.064  2
GA   4.352   2.127  2   FL  12.023    .915  2
KY   1.780   1.906  2   TN   3.298   1.579  2
AL   2.710   1.331  2   MS    .776   1.798  2
AR   1.040   1.311  2   LA   3.160   1.060  2
OK   1.870   1.276  2   TX  14.166   2.821  2
OH   8.826   2.021  3   IN   3.962   1.582  3
IL   9.574   1.857  3   MI   7.698   1.598  3
WI   3.331   1.561  3   MN   3.011   1.364  3
IA   1.200   1.577  3   MO   3.491   1.626  3
ND    .257    .381  3   SD    .221    .475  3
NE    .787    .791  3   KS   1.333   1.145  3
MT    .191    .608  4   ID    .296    .711  4
WY    .134    .319  4   CO   2.686    .608  4
NM    .842    .673  4   AZ   3.106    .559  4
UT   1.336    .387  4   NV   1.014    .183  4
WA   4.036    .830  4   OR   1.985    .858  4
CA  28.799    .961  4   AK    .226    .324  4
HI    .836    .272  4
;

proc format;
   value regfmt 1='Northeast'
                2='South'
                3='Midwest'
                4='West';
run;

data _null_;
   set statepop;
   by region;
   pop90=sum(cityp90,ncityp90);
   file print;
   put state 1-2 @5 pop90 7.3 ' million';
   if first.region then
      regioncitypop=0;      /* new region */
   regioncitypop+cityp90;
   if last.region then
      do;
         put // '1990 US CENSUS for ' region regfmt.
              / 'Total Urban Population: ' 
                 regioncitypop' million' _page_;
      end;
run;

PUT Statement Output for the Northeast Region

1 ME 1.228 million NH 1.109 million VT 0.563 million MA 6.017 million RI 1.003 million CT 3.288 million NY 17.990 million NJ 7.730 million PA 11.882 million 1990 US CENSUS for Northeast Total Urban Population: 45.456 million

PUT _PAGE_ advances the pointer to line 1 of the new page when the value of LAST.REGION is 1. The example prints a footer message before exiting the page.

Example 4: Underlining Text

This example uses OVERPRINT to underscore a value written by a previous PUT statement:

data _null_;
   input idno name $ startwght;
   file file-specification print;
   put name 1-10 @15 startwght 3.;
   if startwght > 200 then
     put overprint @15 '___';
   datalines;
032 David 180
049 Amelia 145
219 Alan 210
;

This PUT statement uses OVERPRINT with both a column pointer control and a line pointer control:

   put @5 name $8. overprint @5 8*'_'
     / @20 address;

Example 5: Holding and Releasing Output Lines

This DATA step demonstrates how to hold and release an output line with a PUT statement:

data _null_;
   input idno name $ startwght 3.;
   put name @;
   if startwght ne . then
     put @15 startwght;
   else put;
   datalines;
032 David 180
049 Amelia 145
126 Monica
219 Alan 210
;

• the trailing @ in the first PUT statement holds the current output line after the value of NAME is written

• if the condition is met in the IF-THEN statement, the second PUT statement writes the value of STARTWGHT and releases the current output line

• if the condition is not met, the second PUT never executes. Instead, the ELSE PUT statement executes. This releases the output line and positions the output pointer at column 1 in the output buffer.

The program writes the following lines to the SAS log:

----+----1----+----2
David         180
Amelia        145
Monica
Alan          210

Example 6: Writing the Current Input Record to the Log

When a value for ID is less than 1000, PUT _INFILE_ executes and writes the current input record to the SAS log. The DELETE statement prevents the DATA step from writing the observation to the TEAM data set.

data team;
   input id team $ score1 score2;
   if id le 1000 then
     do;
       put _infile_;
       delete;
     end;
   datalines;
032 red 180 165
049 yellow 145 124
219 red 210 192
;

The program writes the following lines to the SAS log:

----+----1----+----2
219 red 210 192

	Statements: FILE PUT, Column PUT, Formatted PUT, List PUT, Named PUT, _ODS_
	System Options: LINESIZE= PAGESIZE=

FOOTNOTE 2:  The ruled line is for illustrative purposes only; the PUT statement does not generate it. 

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Copyright 1999 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.