Specifies the current output file for PUT statements
| Valid: |
in a DATA step
|
| OS/390 specifics: |
file-specification, type, host-options
|
|
FILE file-specification |
LOG | PRINT <type> <options>
<host-options>;
|
- file-specification
- identifies a file:
- fileref
- specifies a fileref or the allocated DDname
of the file. A fileref must conform to the rules for DDnames. That is, it
can consist of one to eight letters, numbers, or the national characters $,
@, and #. The first character must be either a letter or a national character.
- fileref(member)
- specifies a member of a partitioned data
set, where the PDS or PDSE is specified by the assigned fileref or allocated
DDname.
The value of the FILEEXT= system option can affect the
way SAS interprets PDS and PDSE member names. See FILEEXT= for
details.
- 'physical-filename'
- specifies a physical file, which can be
a sequential file, a member of partitioned data set (PDS) or an extended partitioned
data set (PDSE), or a UNIX System Services file, using the following syntax:
- a UNIX System Services file:
'/u/userid/raw'
or
'HFS:raw'
- a fully qualified data set name. For example:
'myid.raw.datax'
- a fully qualified data set name with a member
in parentheses. For example:
'sas.raw.data(mem1)'
- a partially qualified data set name with a period
preceding. For example:
'.raw.data'
- a partially qualified data set name with a period
preceding and a member name in parentheses. For example:
'.raw.data(mem1)'
- a temporary data set name. For example:
'&mytemp'
The value of the FILEEXT= system option can affect the
way SAS interprets file specifications for PDS and PDSE files. See FILEEXT= for
details.
See Specifying Physical Files
for more information about partially qualified data set names.
- LOG
- directs output to the SAS log file.
- PRINT
- directs output to the SAS procedure output
file.
- type
- specifies the type of file. When you omit type, the default is a standard external file. Nonstandard (host-specific)
file types that you can specify for OS/390 are
- DLI
- for IMS-DL/I databases. For information
about IMS-DL/I options for the FILE statement, see
SAS/ACCESS Interface to IMS-DL/I Software.
- HFS
- for UNIX System Services files, see Accessing UNIX System Services Files.
- PIPE
- for pipelines in UNIX System Services, see Piping Data from SAS to an UNIX System Services Command.
- VSAM
- for VSAM files (see Accessing VSAM Data Sets
).
- options
- are portable options that can be specified
in the FILE statement. See
SAS Language Reference: Dictionary for information about these options.
- host-options
- are host-specific options that can be specified
in the FILE statement. You can specify portable options and host-options in any order. When specifying more than one option, use a blank space
to separate each option. The host-options that you can specify
depend on what type of file you are accessing. See the following sections
for details:
The following options can be used with
all external files under OS/390.
-
BLKSIZE=value |
BLK=value
- specifies the block size of the file. Block
size is discussed in more detail in DCB Option Descriptions and in
Overview of DCB Attributes.
-
CLOSE=keyword
- indicates how a tape volume is to be positioned
at the end of the DATA step. Values for keyword can be
| REREAD |
positions the tape at the logical
beginning of the data set. |
| LEAVE |
positions the tape at the logical
end of the data set. |
| REWIND |
rewinds the tape to the physical
beginning of the volume. |
| FREE |
dynamically deallocates the tape
volume. |
| DISP |
is implied by the control language. |
-
CSRC
- specifies that you want to use the CSRCESRV
services (available with OS/390) to compress data on output. For example:
data _null_;
file myfile csrc;
put ... ;
run;
You cannot use this option with an external file that
has a fixed-length record format.
-
DCB=fileref
- gives the fileref of an external file that
was referenced in an earlier FILE or INFILE statement in the same DATA step.
SAS uses that file's RECFM=, LRECL=, and BLKSIZE= information for the current
file.
-
LINESIZE=width
- works with LRECL to specify the maximum
number of characters per line or record in print files, nonprint files, and
the SAS log. Under OS/390, the range of acceptable values of LINESIZE= is
64 to 256. The default value of the LINESIZE= system option under OS/390 is
132. This default applies only to print files (with carriage returns) or to
the SAS log. For nonprint files (without carriage returns) , the value of
LRECL= is used in place of the default value for LINESIZE=.
-
LRECL=value
- specifies the logical record length of the
file. The value specified depends on the access method and the device type.
For more information, see the discussion of LRECL= in DCB Option Descriptions and OS/390
JCL Reference.
-
MOD
- writes the output lines following any existing
lines in the file. This option overrides a disposition that was specified
in JCL or under TSO. It is not valid if the specified file is a member of
a partitioned data set (PDS).
-
NOPROMPT
- specifies that if the file that you reference
in the FILE statement is unavailable, a requestor window is not displayed
and an error is written to the SAS log.
-
OLD
- writes the output lines at the beginning
of the file, causing any existing data in the file to be overwritten. This
option overrides a disposition that was specified in JCL or under TSO, and
it is the default if no disposition is specified. Using OLD is necessary
only if you used MOD for the file in an earlier FILE statement and you want
to overwrite the file.
-
PRINT|NOPRINT
- specifies whether carriage-control characters
are placed in output files. Under OS/390, PRINT adds carriage control characters
to the beginning of all lines of output directed to print files and to the
SAS log.
-
RECFM=record-format
- specifies the record format of the file.
Valid values are
| F |
fixed length records, unblocked. |
| V |
variable length records, unblocked. |
| FB |
fixed length records, blocked. |
| VB |
variable length records, blocked. |
| U |
undefined length records, unblocked. |
The following values can be appended to the values above:
| A |
the first byte of each record is
an ANSI printer-control character. |
| S |
if appended to V, the file contains
spanned records; if appended to F, the file contains standard blocks. |
The following value stands alone; no other values can
be appended:
| N |
a format specific to SAS; this format
indicates that the file can be processed as a stream of bytes with no record
boundaries. |
The following options retrieve
information about a data set from the operating environment control blocks.
SAS assigns values to the variables that are defined by these options when
it opens the data set. It updates the values every time it opens a new data
set in a concatenation. These options can be used with all standard external
files under OS/390.
-
DEVTYPE=variable
- defines a character variable (minimum length
24) that SAS sets to the device type. SAS obtains the device type by using
the OS/390 operating environment DEVTYPE macro. For more information, see
the IBM documentation for your system.
- defines a character variable (minimum length
96) that SAS sets to the Data Set Control Block (DSCB) information from a
non-VSAM data set. For more information, see the IBM documentation for your
system.
-
JFCB=variable
- defines a character variable (minimum length
176) that SAS sets to the Job File Control Block (JFCB). For more information,
see the IBM documentation for your system.
-
UCBNAME=variable
- defines a character variable (minimum length
3) that SAS sets to the unit name (device address), which is derived from
information in the unit control block (UCB).
-
VOLUME=variable |
VOLUMES=variable
- defines a character variable (minimum length
6) that SAS sets to the tape VOLSER or the disk volume serial number, which
is taken from the JFCB. The JFCB lists only the first five volume serial numbers,
so in the case of a multivolume file, the VOLUME= variable contains the concatenated
volume serial numbers (up to five volumes).
The following options can be used for VSAM files in the FILE
statement, the INFILE statement, or both. (Unless otherwise indicated, the
option can be used in both.)
-
BACKWARD |
BKWD
- tells SAS to read the VSAM data set backwards.
(INFILE only)
-
BUFND=value
- indicates how many data buffers to use for
the VSAM data set.
-
BUFNI=value
- indicates how many index buffers to use
for the VSAM data set.
-
CONTROLINTERVAL | CTLINTV | CNV
- indicates that you want to read physical
VSAM control interval records rather than logical records. This is typically
used for diagnostic purposes. (INFILE only)
-
ERASE=variable
- defines a numeric SAS variable that you
must set to 1 when you want to erase a VSAM record. (INFILE only)
-
FEEDBACK=variable | FDBK=variable
- defines a numeric variable that SAS will
set to the VSAM logical error code. This is similar to the _FDBK_ automatic
variable. When SAS sets the FEEDBACK variable, you must set it to 0 to continue.
-
GENKEY
- causes SAS to use the KEY= variable as the
leading portion of a record's key. VSAM retrieves the first record whose key
matches the generic key. (INFILE only)
-
KEY=variable | KEY=(variable1 variable2 .
. . )
- indicates that direct keyed access is being
used to read records either from a KSDS or from an ESDS via an alternate index.
Also, the variable contains the key value to be used in the retrieval of a
record (input) or the writing of a record (output). (INFILE ONLY)
-
KEYGE
- is used in conjunction with the KEY= option.
KEYGE indicates that when KEY= is used in a retrieval request, SAS should
retrieve any record whose key is equal to or greater than the specified key.
This is useful when the exact key is not known. (INFILE only)
-
KEYLEN=variable
- specifies a numeric SAS variable that when
used with GENKEY, specifies the length of the key that is to be compared to
the keys in the file.
-
KEYPOS=variable
- indicates the numeric variable that SAS
sets to the position of the VSAM key field. This option enables you to read
keys without knowing the key position in advance. This variable is set to
the column number (starting from 1).
-
PASSWD=value
- gives the appropriate password for a VSAM
data set that has password protection.
-
RBA=variable
- specifies a numeric variable that you set
to the relative byte address (RBA) of the data record that you want to read.
The RBA= option indicates that addressed direct access is being used; it is
appropriate for KSDS and ESDS. If the CONTROLINTERVAL option is specified,
the RBA= option can be used to access control records in an RRDS. (INFILE
only)
-
RC4STOP
- stops the DATA step from executing if when
the VSAM data set is opened, a return code greater than 4 is returned by the
system.
-
RECORDS=variable
- defines a numeric variable that SAS sets
to the number of logical records in a VSAM data set that has been opened for
input.
-
RECORG=record-organization
- specifies the organization of records in
a new VSAM data set. Use this option only if SMS is active. Valid values are
| KS |
VSAM key-sequenced data set |
| ES |
VSAM entry-sequenced data set |
| RR |
VSAM relative-record data set |
| LS |
VSAM linear-space data set |
-
RESET
- indicates that the VSAM file is to be reset
to empty (no records) when it is opened. This option applies only to loading
a VSAM data set that has been marked REUSE. This option cannot be used if
the data set contains an alternate index.
-
RRN=variable
- defines a numeric variable that you set
to the relative record number (RRN) of the record that you want to read or
write. This option indicates that keyed direct access is being used; it is
appropriate for RRDS only.
-
SEQUENTIAL
- specifies sequential VSAM record retrieval
when either the RBA= (for an ESDS) or the RRN= option (for an RRDS) is specified.
(INFILE only)
-
SKIP
- indicates skip-sequential processing of
VSAM files. Skip-sequential processing finds the first record whose value
is the same as the value specified by the KEY= option; records are read sequentially
from that point on. (INFILE only)
-
UPDATE=variable
- defines a numeric SAS variable that tells
SAS that not every record that it reads is to be updated. This option is
used when you are updating records in a VSAM data set (INFILE only.) When
you have both an INFILE and a FILE statement referencing the same VSAM data
set, records are retrieved for update by default.
In most cases where you retrieve a record for update,
no user, including you, can access that particular record or any other records
in the same control interval until you free the record by executing a PUT
or an INPUT statement for the data set. The UPDATE= option is used to avoid
user lockout when only a few of many records read need to be updated. When
you set the UPDATE= variable to a value of 1 before the INPUT statement, the
record is retrieved for update. This is the default if UPDATE= is not specified.
If you set UPDATE=0 before the INPUT statement, the record is not retrieved
for update.
Several options can be specified in the FILE statement for files
and pipes that are in the Hierarchical File System of UNIX System Services.
For information about these options, see Host-Specific Options for UNIX System Services Files,
Writing to External Files, Using the FILE Statement to Specify Data Set Attributes
.
-
SAS Language Reference: Dictionary
- SAS Guide to VSAM Processing
Copyright 1999 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.
