Displayed Output

The TTEST Procedure

Displayed Output

For each variable in the analysis, the TTEST procedure displays the following summary statistics for each group:

the name of the dependent variable
the levels of the classification variable
N, the number of nonmissing values
Lower CL Mean, the lower confidence bound for the mean
the Mean or average
Upper CL Mean, the upper confidence bound for the mean
Lower CL Std Dev, the lower confidence bound for the standard deviation
Std Dev, the standard deviation
Upper CL Std Dev, the upper confidence bound for the standard deviation
Std Err, the standard error of the mean
the Minimum value, if the line size allows
the Maximum value, if the line size allows
upper and lower UMPU confidence bounds for the standard deviation, displayed if the CI=UMPU option is specified in the PROC TTEST statement

Next, the results of several t tests are given. For one-sample and paired observations t tests, the TTEST procedure displays

t Value, the t statistic for testing the null hypothesis that the mean of the group is zero
DF, the degrees of freedom
Pr > |t|, the probability of a greater absolute value of t under the null hypothesis. This is the two-tailed significance probability. For a one-tailed test, halve this probability.

For two-sample t tests, the TTEST procedure displays all the items in the following list. You need to decide whether equal or unequal variances are appropriate for your data.

Under the assumption of unequal variances, the TTEST procedure displays results using Satterthwaite's method. If the COCHRAN option is specified, the results for the Cochran and Cox approximation are also displayed.

-
t Value, an approximate t statistic for testing the null hypothesis that the means of the two groups are equal
-
DF, the approximate degrees of freedom
-
Pr > |t|, the probability of a greater absolute value of t under the null hypothesis. This is the two-tailed significance probability. For a one-tailed test, halve this probability.
Under the assumption of equal variances, the TTEST procedure displays results obtained by pooling the group variances.

-
t Value, the t statistic for testing the null hypothesis that the means of the two groups are equal
-
DF, the degrees of freedom
-
Pr > |t|, the probability of a greater absolute value of t under the null hypothesis. This is the two-tailed significance probability. For a one-tailed test, halve this probability.
PROC TTEST then gives the results of the test of equality of variances:

-
the F' (folded) statistic (see the "The Folded Form F Statistic" section)
-
Num DF and Den DF, the numerator and denominator degrees of freedom in each group
-
Pr > F, the probability of a greater F' value. This is the two-tailed significance probability.

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