BARRY TRUAX - A Personal History of Electroacoustic Music


1945-49

Barry is born in 1947 (Chatham, Ontario)
 and gets an early start in electronics

Pierre Schaeffer: Etudes aux Bruits (1948)
Hugh LeCaine: Electronic Sackbut (1947)
Denis Gabor: Frequency-Time Domain theory (1946-47)
Norman McLaren: optical sound on film

Manchester University: Mark 1 computer (with stored program)
1950-59

Barry is growing up and learning to play piano and love music
Major tendencies in electronic and computer music are established:
  • Tape, recorded sound, sound diffusion (Schaeffer, Henry, LeCaine, Cage, Ussachevsky & Luening, Varèse)

  • Electronic sound synthesis (Eimert, Stockhausen, G. M. Koenig, LeCaine, RCA Synthesizer)

  • Computers and programming (Hiller, Mathews)

  • Stochastic composition (Xenakis, Cage, Hiller)
1960-69

1965-69, Hon. Physics & Math at Queen's University


  • Summer 1967 Expo 67 in Montreal, and plays with Hugh LeCaine's Serial Function Generator

  • Summer 1968 Works in the Physics Lab at Queen's and programs a PDP-9 computer; in frustration, starts composing a piano sonata
Expanding Studios and Resources:

  • Max Mathews at Bell Labs creates MUSIC IV, V and exports them; Risset investigates timbre

  • Computer-assisted composition (Koenig develops Projects 1 & 2; Xenakis' ST programs; Hiller's composition programs)

  • University based studios are established across Canada, US, Israel, Australia and New Zealand, and with state radio stations in Europe including GRM

  • voltage-controlled synthesizers created by Moog, Buchla, Zinovieff
1970-79

1969-71,
M. Mus. at UBC, studies electronic music with Prof. Cortland Hultberg and graduates in 1971
- uses the Moog and Buchla synthesizers in the studio
- visits SFU and R. Murray Schafer in the Sonic Research Studio
- UBC Opera Workshop produces the one-act opera The Little Prince for singers and stereo tape
1971-73, Post-graduate course at the Institute of Sonology, Utrecht

- studies with G. M. Koenig, Otto Laske, Stan Tempelaars and others
- works in the analog studios in four channels; composes She, a Solo (CBC commission) and the Gilgamesh tapes
- creates the POD programs for interactive composition on a PDP-15 computer with real-time monophonic sound using stochastic probability distributions and tendency masks
- meets John Chowning who explains FM Synthesis and creates a real-time implementation; composes Tape VII ("The Journey to the Gods") from Gilgamesh, for four-channel tape with FM sound
- Gilgamesh tapes performed in Amsterdam and Utrecht; first paper on POD published in Interface
- visits the EMS computer music studio in Stockholm and meets Knut Wiggen
1973-79, comes to Simon Fraser University (1973) to work with Murray Schafer and the World Soundscape Project
- works in the Sonic Research Studio and re-creates the POD system on a Hewlett-Packard computer in Psychology
- succeeds Murray Schafer when he leaves SFU, and assumes a full-time teaching position (1975)
- begins presenting computer and electronic music concerts in Vancouver (with Vancouver New Music and Western Front) & Edmonton (1975) and co-chairs UNESCO project (1976-78)
- begins attending the International Festival of Electroacoustic Music, Bourges (1976), and making international contacts
- 1st prize in Computer Music for Sonic Landscape No. 3 at International Festival of Electroacoustic Music, Bourges (1977)
- publishes LP Sonic Landscapes (1977) and double LP Androgyne (1981) on Melbourne label

- begins attending the International Computer Music Conference (MIT, 1976), and is an invited composer at ICMC 1978, Evanston, to premiere Androgyny (1978) realized with the polyphonic POD system
- publishes the Handbook for Acoustic Ecology and co-authors Five Village Soundscapes (1978)
- works in the Bourges studios on a commission to produce The Blind Man (1979) and performs there
"High Analog" Period and the Expanding Digital Domain:

  • Chowning develops FM; Koenig develops SSP; Brun develops SAWDUST

  • Computer music studios expand: IRCAM, CEMAMu, GRM, EMS (Stockholm), Sonology, MIT, Stanford

  • Live electronics develops and gradually incorporates microprocessors

  • Multi-speaker spatialization techniques develop: Acousmonium, Gmebaphone

  • Large-scale digital synthesizers (Fairlight, IRCAM's 4A, 4C & 4X, Samson Box, Synclavier, UPIC)

  • Computer Music Journal, ICMA and ICMC conferences start

  • Digital recorders introduced along with microcomputers
1980-89

- POD system translated to a PDP 11-34 and non-realtime synthesis with a Varian computer; composes Arras (1980)
- music program in Contemporary Arts established with a LSI 11/23 computer (1981)
- real-time microprogrammable DSP unit, the DMX-1000 added to create the PODX system (1982)
- composes Wave Edge (1983) and Solar Ellipse (1984-85)
- publishes Acoustic Communication with Ablex (1984)
- organizes the 1985 International Computer Music Conference at SFU with AQ concert
- launches Cambridge Street Records with Sequence of Earlier Heaven LP (1985)
- first collaboration (of seven) with Theo Goldberg's computer graphic images: Divan (1985)
- real-time granular synthesis program using quantum level grains added to the PODX system (1986) with this microcode
- composes Riverrun (1986) spectrograph
and Wings of Nike using granulated samples (1987)
- first CD produced, Digital Soundscapes, on the CSR and Wergo labels (1987)
- guest composer at Princeton University on a Mellon Fellowship (1987)
- Music and Complexity Conference, Amelia (Italy), guest lectures and concert (1988)
Digital Systems Expand on All Fronts

  • software and music languages

  • expanded synthesis and processing techniques both realtime (DSP) and nonrealtime

  • MIDI controlled synthesizers and samplers

  • new performance interfaces (Max Mathews, Michel Waisvisz and others)

  • composition systems

  • music analysis

  • CD and DAT formats introduced

  • Workstations and personal computers
1990-99

- granular time stretching of sampled sound material: Pacific (1990), Dominion (1991), Basilica (1992)
and Song of Songs (1992) for oboe d'amore, English horn, graphic images and two soundtracks
- Magisterium award (1991) for Riverrun from the International Competition of Electroacoustic Music, Bourges
- book chapter in Companion to Contemporary Musical Thought ("Electroacoustic Music and the Soundscape: The Inner and Outer World"), 1992
- The Tuning of the World conference in Banff (1993) and the launching of the WFAE
- ICMC 1995 in Banff with the premiere of one act of Powers of Two (The Artist); all four acts completed in 1999; first octophonic realization with the DM-8 matrix mixer
- solo CD's launched: Pacific Rim (1991), Song of Songs (1994), Inside (1996)
- Vancouver Soundscape project (1996) with new recordings, and 4 composers from Germany and Canada producing octophonic works with DM-8
- launch of the Vancouver Soundscape double CD (1997) and Honorary Doctorate awarded to R. Murray Schafer
- Bamboo, Silk and Stone (1994) composed with Randy Raine-Reusch and performed at ICMC 96 in Hong Kong; followed by a visit to Indonesia
- composes Wings of Fire (1996) for cello and tape
and Androgyne, Mon Amour (1996-97) a music theatre piece for double bass and tape

- member of the Urban Noise Task Force, City of Vancouver, 1996
- guest composer at the Conservatory of Music, Catania, Sicily, 1998
- SFU's Excellence in Teaching Award, 1999
Larger Systems, Faster Processors, More Products, Faster Obsolescence

DAW, Laptops, WWW, Mac & Windows, Max/Msp, DVD, VST, OSC, pd, ProTools .....
2000-13


- publishes 2nd edition of Acoustic Communication (2001) with Handbook CD-ROM
- Visiting Research Professor, Music Technology and Innovation Program, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK (2000-2007)
- composes 8-channel soundscape compositions:
Island (2000)
Steam (2001),  Temple (2002)
Prospero's Voyage (2004)
- presents 3-day workshops on soundscape composition in Berlin (2000) and Barcelona (2010)
- publishes solo CD's: Islands (2001), Twin Souls (2001), Powers of Two (2004), Spirit Journies (2007)
- publishes "Homoeroticism and Electroacoustic Music," Organised Sound, 2003
- composer in residence, Modern Baroque Opera, Vancouver (2004) with workshop performance of Powers of Two
- one of 10 Canadian composers commissioned by ZKM, Karlsruhe (Germany); produces The Shaman Ascending (2005) spatialized with the AudioBox matrix mixer
- guest lectures in Osnabruck, Gainesville, Bourges, Coimbra, London, Belfast, Karlsruhe, Leicester, Evanston, Rome, Amsterdam, Helsinki, Konstanz, Oslo and 12 schools in the UK (2009-2010)
- publishes 3 HTML Documentation DVD-ROM's on Granular Synthesis, Soundscape Composition and Text-Based work (2008-2010)
- two solo retrospective concerts in Vancouver, with SFU Contemporary Arts, and Vancouver New Music (2010)
- guest composer,  keynote speaker and solo concert, Brazilian Society for Computer Music, Vitoria, Brazil (2011)
- premiere of Alan Turing inspired works, Enigma and From the Unseen World, Vancouver and Manchester (2012) realized with the TiMax2 Soundhub matrix mixer
- publishes 9th solo CD, The Elements and Beyond (2014) including
Fire Spirits (2010),
 Aeolian Voices (2013),  Earth and Steel (2013) and From The Unseen World (2012)
DITTO

Reference: Paul Doornbusch: A Chronology / History of Electronic and Computer Music and Related Events 1906 - 2012 (www.doornbusch.net/chronology/)