Signal Path Overview 

Signal Path
MICROPHONE
ACOUSTIC ENERGY
rapidly changing air pressure
TRANSDUCER
(changes one form of energy into another)
ELECTRICAL ENERGY 
MICROPHONE
PREAMPLIFIER
(MICROPHONE)
(MICROPHONE LEVEL)
(FOUND IN RECORDER
OR MIXER)
IMPEDANCE
(LOW - HIGH)
POLAR PATTERN:
•CARDIOID 
•OMNI 
•SHOTGUN 
DYNAMIC
or
CONDENSOR

(NEEDS PHANTOM POWER)
REQUIRES A BALANCED CABLE 
USING XLR 3 PIN CONNECTORS
Signal Path
RECORDER
RECORDER
ANALOGUE: 
NAGRA 
SONY WALKMAN PRO 
MULTITRACK 
VIDEO RECORDER
DYNAMIC PROCESSING: 
INPUT ATTENUATION 
MIC PREAMP
COMPRESSOR 
LIMITER 
HI-PASS FILTER
DIGITAL: 
DAT
NAGRA DIGITAL 
COMPUTER 
VIDEO RECORDER
METERING: 
VU METER
PEAK 
MODULOMETER (NAGRA)
Signal Path
TRANSFER
RECORDER 
or PREAMP
LINE LEVEL
 
ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL CONVERTOR 
USUALLY PART OF THE 
DIGITAL AUDIO WORKSTATION 
(COMPUTER)
DIGITAL THEORY
FILE TYPE
  SAMPLE RATE (NYQUIST THEOREM
•DYNAMIC RANGE (QUANTIZATION
ALIASING
QUANTIZATION ERROR
SOUND DESIGNER II (SDII) 
AIFF 
.WAV (PC)
MP3
ETC.
  FILE MANAGEMENT, FILE SIZE

 
Signal Path
MIXING

 
     
AUDIO SIGNAL
 
SIGNAL PROCESSOR OR D.A.W. PLUG-INS/Various APPLICATIONS    

DIGITAL 
AUDIO 
WORKSTATION

WORD CLOCK (VIA CARD) 
MIDI/MIDI TIME CODE (VIA CARD OR EXTERNAL I/O) 
SCSI OR USB (COMPUTER) 
S/PDIF (VIA CARD) 
AUDIO (INTERNAL/BUILT-IN/EXTERNAL SOUND CARD) 
RS422 SERIAL (COMPUTER)